PINE-WEEVIL. 



229 



breeding, in order to prevent its swarming in certain localities 

 in the spring. The following are recommended : 



i. Establishment of small feeding-areas, as if these are 

 extensive the reproduction of the beetle is greatly facilitated. 



Care must, however, be taken not to go too far in sub- 

 dividing the felling-areas, as each area is a breeding place for 

 weevils. 



ii. Interruption in the order of successive fellings, so that 

 when a felling has been made no adjoining area shall be felled 

 till after the lapse of 3 to 5 years. In this way fresh breeding 

 material is not afforded close to that of the previous year. 



N. 



Wind 



W 



s. 



Fig. 95. Arrangement of fellings as described in ii. 

 N. E. S. W. Points of compass. 



Fig. 95 shows such a distribution of felling-areas, where 

 fellings in adjoining areas come every three years. 



iii. Timely and complete extraction of stumps and roots 

 from felling-areas in coniferous forests, in order to reduce as 

 much as possible the number of breeding places for the ? . 

 This is the most effective measure of all. The extraction of 

 the stumps must begin with the felling and be finished by the 

 commencement of the next winter. It is better to grub up 

 the trees with the roots attached than to fell the trees first and 

 then extract the stumps and roots, and the former method has 

 been followed for many years in Hesse and Nassau with very 

 good results as regards the diminution of the numbers of 

 weevils. 



