250 PROTECTION AGAINST INSECTS. 



the bark. From each side of these extend the larval galleries 

 which run principally in the bast, marking the sapwood less 

 deeply. 



The protective rules are the same as for T. typography*, L. 



4. Tomicus stenoyraphus, Duft. 



a. Description. 



Beetle 6 to 8 mm. long. The largest species of Tomicus. 

 Elongate, cylindrical, shining, with long pubescence, brown, 

 with yellowish-brown antennae and legs. Prothorax longer 

 than broad, sparsely and moderately deeply punctured behind 

 the middle, with a wide, smooth median line. Elytra with 

 strong punctured striae, apical excavation deep, its elevated 

 margins furnished with 6 teeth on each elytron, of which the 

 3 upper ones Eire small, and the 4th is the largest. 



b. Life-history. 



Season of flight : usually somewhat later than for T. typo- 

 yraplim. It is found in May and again in August and 

 September. 



It selects for oviposition large Scots pines with thick bark, 

 and generally fallen or freshly-felled trees, windfalls and stacks 

 of firewood ; rarely standing trees. The development resembles 

 that of T. typographic. 



The larvae are found in June and July ; the pupae in July 

 and August ; the newly emerged beetles in August ancl Sep- 

 tember. The latter forthwith pair, and a new brood com- 

 mences. The insect hibernates under bark as an imago of 

 the first or second brood. 



Generation either annual or twice in the year. 



c. Relations to the Forest. 



The beetle attacks the Scots pine, and prefers old trees 

 with thick bark. It has also been observed on black and 

 cluster pines, and very rarely on spruce. In the absence of 

 old woods it has here and there attacked poles 20 to 30 years 

 old. The attack is on the bast, and resembles that of T. typo- 

 yraplnis, but is less regular, and the breeding galleries are long 



