308 PROTECTION AGAINST INSECTS. 



e. Remedial Measures. 



i. Collection or destruction of caterpillars (end of September 

 beginning of October), as they come down the trees to 

 pupate. 



ii. Collection of pupae in the winter. 



iii. Girdling the trees with grease-bands at a height of 1 to 

 3 yards. This method has given fairly good results in the 

 Eberswald. On 3 acres about 500 caterpillars per tree were 

 caught at an expense of 11s. per acre. Unfortunately most 

 of the eggs had been laid above the bands, and the eventful 

 destruction of all the foliage of the trees was only delayed.* 

 The Germans do not now spend money on destroying this 

 insect, as complete defoliation lasts only one year and the 

 attacked trees do not die. 



4. Bombyx chrysorrhoea, L. (Brown-tail Moth). 



a. Description. 



Moth with a spread of wing of 30 to 40 mm. White ; the 

 inner margins of the wings fringed with long hairs; fore- 

 wings in the $ usually marked with small black spots about 

 the middle and towards the anal angle. Abdomen brown 

 towards the tip, which is furnished in the $ with a tuft of 

 dark-brown down, thicker and red-brown in the ? . 



Caterpillar 35 mm. long, 16-legged, with radiating tufts of 

 long yellowish-brown hairs, brownish-grey above, with 2 red, 

 slightly zigzag lines along the back from the 6th segment 

 towards the tail, and 2 vermilion warts on the 9th and 10th 

 segments, grey beneath, with yellow spots and streaks. 



Pupa dark brown, hairy, with pointed tail, in a brownish- 

 grey cocoon. 



b. Life-history. 



The moth appears at the end of June and in July. 



The 5 lays 200 to 300 brownish-yellow eggs on the lower 

 surface of leaves of many broadleaved trees, and covers them 

 with the dense fluff from her tail. 



* Bombyx thwaitesi, Moore, is very destructive to foliage of the sal 

 rolusta) in Assam, and sometimes : occurs in enormous numbers over very ex- 

 tensive areas. It also attacks the leaves of tea bushes. Indian Museum Xotes f 

 Vol. I., page 29. 



