PINE SAWFLY. 



353 



This and all other species of Lophyrus have the habit, when 

 disturbed, of bending the front part of their bodies in the 

 figure S (vide Fig. 181). 



d. Protective Rules. 



i. Maintenance of healthy 

 well - stocked Scots pine 

 woods, so that the soil may 

 not be impoverished. 



ii. Protection of enemies : 

 cuckoo, starling, crow, goat- 

 sucker, swallows, etc. Mice 

 and squirrels open the 

 cocoons during the winter, 

 and devour many larvae. 

 Even the badger and fox 

 eat the larvae and pupae. 



Many* parasitic ichneu- 

 mon ' wasps and Diptera 

 attack the larvae. So do 

 spiders, e.g., Steatoda sisy- 

 phia, Cl. 



e. Remedial Measures. 



i. Collection of larvae by 

 stripping or shaking them 

 from the trees on to cloths 

 spread on the ground, in 

 May and June, and again 

 in September and October. 

 One man shaking the trees, 

 with two boys to collect the* 

 larvae, can clear fifteen 25- 

 year-old trees before 9 a.m., and such work is most efficacious 

 in the morning when the larvae are slightly torpid. 



ii. Collection of cocoons under the moss in winter. They 

 may be found generally near the base of the attacked trees, 

 and sometimes in masses as large as the fist. 



iii. Admission of pigs in September and October, when the 



* For a list of these, vide Taschenberg, op. cit., page 230. 

 F.P. A A 



Fig. 184. Pine-shoot with needles eaten 

 by L. pini, L. {Natural size.} 



