410 



PROTECTION AGAINST PLANTS/ 



these weeds, after a forest crop has been cleared, ash and 

 alder should be planted instead of 

 oak and beech, the swampiness dis- 

 appearing after the forest growth has 

 been reconstituted. 



5. Lianes. 



The first three European lianes given 

 are woody, and the others herbaceous. 

 The shoots of all lianes should be cut 

 repeatedly below the ground till no 

 more appear. There is no necessity to 

 unwind the twiner, unless it is a woody 

 species, as it soon dries up after being 

 cut from the root. 



(a) Traveller's joy (Clematis Vitalba, 

 L.) is widespread throughout Europe, 

 chiefly on hills and mountains ; it is a 

 half-shadebearer and attains a height 

 of 20 feet, climbing up stems, bushes, 

 and rocks. The shoots may strike root 

 whereever they rest on soil, and the 

 plant sometimes grows in masses and 

 is dangerous to young forest plants. 



(b) Honeysuckle or woodbine (Loni- 

 cera Periclymenum, L.),a twiner growing 

 in hedgerows, edges of woods, and inside 

 woods throughout Western Europe ; it 

 is found on damp soil and chiefly in 

 lowlands. A half-shadebearer, twining 

 round saplings to a considerable height, 

 and thus producing misshapen spiral 

 stems as in Fig. 198. If no suitable 

 stems are available, it covers the 

 ground and the herbaceous plants 

 growing on it. It does much damage 

 to valuable saplings in coppice-wifch- 



standard and also to larch plantations. L. Caprifolium, L., 

 with connate upper leaves, is common in Southern Europe, 



Fig. 198. Woodbine 

 climbing spirally round a 

 young spruce and partly 

 enclosed by the wood of the 

 latter. 



