454 PROTECTION AGAINST FUNGI. 



In 1850, the moth Tortrix pactolana, Zell v had ravaged the 

 spruce forests of Bohemia ; damage by this insect is, however, 

 generally only of a temporary nature, but in this case, it was 

 followed by Nectria, and great destruction of the spruce 

 occurred. The fungus has also appeared recently in the forests 

 of Bavaria and Wiirtemberg, but seems to- be absent from 

 North Germany. Nisbet states that it is common in Britain, 

 though generally as a saprophyte on dead branches only. 



c. Pro tec five Rules. 



Cut down young stems and shoots attacked by the fungus 

 with a pair of vine-shears in autumn and early winter. This 

 method does not cause the spores to be so scattered as when 

 the stems are felled with a billhook. It costs about Is. 6d. an 

 acre. 



The larger stems attacked must be felled at the same time. 

 In both cases all the infected parts should be removed care- 

 fully, and burned in an out-of-the-way place, as the spores 

 easily spread from any pieces left lying about. 



*10. Dasysci/pha calycina, Fuckel. 



(Larch-blister.) 



a. Description and mode of Attack. 



The nomenclature of this fungus has passed through several 

 stages : Willkomm, in 1867, described it as Corticium 

 Amorplmm, Fr.,* which in reality attacks the cambium of 

 silver-fir ; but in 1868, H. Hoffmann (Giessen) named it Peziza 

 calycina, Schum. In 1874, B. Hartig showed that the larch 

 fungus differed from P. calycina, Schum., which attacks silver- 

 fir, spruce and pines. He therefore named it P. Willkommii, 

 E. Hrtg. This has large aski and elliptic spores, the former 

 fungus having oval spores. 



Masseet states that the spores are globose and names the 

 fungus DasyscypJia calycina, Fuckel, and states that a very 



* Corticium ainorphum, Fr.,in the cambium of silver-fir, may cause the whole 

 tree to dry up and die without losing its needles. Large blanks have thus 

 been caused in a forest near Neuchatel, Switzerland. " Rev.des E.et F.," Feb. 1 

 1897. 



t Vide paper in Transactions Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society by 

 G. Massee, 1903. 



