460 PROTECTION AGAINST FUNGI. 



roots of the pines were in frozen ground, and could not 

 therefore supply the water lost by insolation. 



c. Protective Rules. 

 Eemove affected poles in the thinnings. 



12. Pestalozzia Hartigii, Tubf. 



This fungus causes a disease in spruce and silver-fir seed- 

 beds and nursery-lines. Its first symptoms are that a number 

 of plants turn pale and die, and when pulled-up it will be 

 noticed that their cortex close to the ground is withered, 

 whilst above this withered portion the stem has attained its 

 usual dimensions. The mycelium of the fungus may be found 

 in the bark, where the contraction in the stem takes place, 

 and sporocarps spring from the point of attack. 



This disease appears to attack several broadleaved species 

 as well as conifers, and all infected plants should be at once 

 pulled-up and burned. For instance, in a beech-nursery at 

 Vicdessos, Ardeche, altitude 1,350 m., the plants were lined 

 out at two years old, and by August became chloritic and dried 

 up. Those remaining in the seed-beds were not attacked.* 



Pull up and burn all affected plants. 



13. Septoria parasitica, B. Hrtg. 

 (Spruce-shoot Fungus.) 



This fungus causes the wilting and death of young spruce 

 shoots, especially lateral shoots. The needles of the attacked 

 plants become brown and wilt, as if they had been 

 attacked by late frost, and generally break off. In the course 

 of the summer globose black pycnidia appear at the base of 

 the shoots, from which threadlike conidiaphores arise. These 

 appearing in white rows, spread the disease in May on the 

 fresh opening shoots. Sitka spruce is also attacked. 



This disease has been observed chiefly in young spruce, in 

 nurseries and plantations. It also attacks the leading shoots 

 of poles, and sometimes causes groups- of plants to die, 

 as in Ehrenfreidersdorf, in Saxony. It is common in the 

 Hertogenwald, near Spa, in the Ardennes. 



Cut off and burn diseased branches. 



* Henry : " Rev. des E. et F.," 1901, p. 537. 



