ftfiDfif 



LOPHODERMIUM MACROSPORUM. 467 



especially dangerous to the west of the nursery. The spaces 

 in nursery-beds between the rows of seedings should never be 

 covered with pine branches, which favour the spread of the 

 disease, but with leaves of broadleaved trees or moss, 

 iv. Burn carefully all affected plants. 



20. L. macrosporum, K. Hrtg. 

 a. Description and mode of Attack. 

 a 



Fig. 227. a Under surface of a spruce twig in winter, attacked by Lophodermium 



macrosporum, R. Hrtg. 



a Dead brown needles at the base of the second year's shoot. 

 )8 Freshly attacked third year's needles. 

 7 Needles with black perithecia. 

 b Brown needles with ripe perithecia ()3) not yet burst. 



This fungus on the spruce, according to E. Hartig, causes 

 either needle-rust or needle-cast. 



The former disease appears in mountainous regions at mid- 

 summer as a rusty discoloration of needles on two years old 

 shoots, and- in the plains later during autumn ; finally black 

 sporocarps (Perithecia} appear on the under surface of the 

 infected needles, which burst longitudinally and emit their 

 spores in the succeeding April or May. The needles with the 

 empty sporocarps remain on the tree for several years. At 

 first only the needles on two years old and older shoots are 

 attacked; later on, those of yearling shoots as well. This is 



HH 2 



