490 PROTECTION AGAINST ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES. 



regards locality, the soil and configuration of the ground 

 affect the amount of damage done, as they determine the 

 energy of growth of the forest plants from their youth up. The 

 chief points here are the chemical and physical nature of the 

 soil, the altitude and aspect of the locality. The nature of 

 the soil-covering may also be of importance. Since then all 

 these items may be combined in a great variety of ways, the 

 damage done must vary greatly according to circumstances. 



The mode of occurrence of frost, wind, hail and snow 

 should be studied under meteorology, the importance of a 

 thorough knowledge of which to the forester is obvious.* 

 More or less complete meteorological observations and records 

 have been made during the last twenty years at the German 

 and French forest experimental stations. Of special import- 

 ance, as regards Forest Protection, is a steady and complete 

 record of serious damage by frost, storms, hail, snow, rime, 

 either in one of the registers provided for by a working-plan, 

 or in a special Record of forest calamities, giving not only a 

 complete account of the area affected and amount of damage 

 done, but also of all local facts that favoured or attenuated the 

 evil. The results of the protective measures adopted must 

 also be narrated. Localities specially liable to damage by 

 frost, storms, or snow, should be marked in special colours on 

 the range maps. 



By circulating suitable directions, and by adopting a uniform 

 system of recording facts, the compilation of a general 

 account of experience in various forest districts will be 

 considerably facilitated. 



* Among numerous works on meteorology, the following may be referred to : 

 Mohn, H., "Griindziige der Meteorologie," 5th edition, with 24 charts and 

 45 woodcuts. Berlin, 1898. Hann, Julius, " Handbuch der Klimatologie." 

 Stuttgart, 1897. English translation by Robert De Courcy Ward. London, 

 Macmillan & Co., 1903. Davis' "Meteorology." Boston, 1893. "Meteorology," 

 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol. xxx. 



