STORMS. 541 



1880 (21st October). 



1881 (14th and 15th October). 



1883 (17th 19th October). 



1884 (20th and 28th January). 



1885 (15th October). 



1888 (24th 26th November). 



1890 (23rd, 24th and 27th January). 



1892 (29th 30th March, in the Vosges; from E.). 



1893 (16th and 17th November). Terrific storms over the 

 north of England and Scotland accompanied by violent 

 rain, the wind blowing at 90 miles an hour in the Orkneys ; 

 1,850,000 trees, valued at 282,263, were blown down in 

 Perthshire and Forfarshire, the only conifers resisting the gale 

 being Corsican and maritime pines. 



1894 (12th February and 22nd December). The December 

 storm was similar to that of 1893, and only did less damage 

 to the Highland woods because there were fewer trees left 

 to be blown down. Great numbers of rooks, starlings, and 

 other birds were entangled in the branches of trees and killed, 

 or blown into the sea. 



1895 (5th 7th and 12th 13th December ; chiefly in S. 

 Germany, but also in Schleswig-^Eolstein and the Harz). 



1895 (5th 7th October, from N.E.). 



1898 (4th 7th December). 



1899 (12th 13th January). 



1900 (14th February ; 28,000 trees, including 15,000 oaks, 

 blown down in the Forest of Berce, Sarthe). 



1902 (13th February; 292,500 cubic feet of timber, chiefly 

 spruce, blown down in Forest of Gerardmer, Vosges; from 

 N.E.). 



Taking a general view of the storms in Central Europe, 

 during the past century, the years 1801, 1833, 1868, 1876, 

 1893, and 1894, have been the worst, and there has been, on 

 the average, one destructive storm-year every three years. 



Whirlwinds are of rare occurrence in Central Europe, and 

 are usually only of limited extent and short duration. On 

 the 1st August, 1877, a whirlwind fifty miles to the north of 

 Berlin destroyed three-and-a-half million cubic feet of 

 standing timber over a breadth of two-and-a-half miles. 



