STORMS. 551 



their roots and may even put out foliage for two years in 

 succession, and have even borne mast. Conifers only may be 

 attacked by beetles and the wood become unsound when left 

 in this way. 



When the stumps are sawn off, the wood above the saw-cut 

 should be firmly encircled with a chain, in order to prevent 

 splitting of the log. 



(/) Favourable conditions of sale should be offered so that 

 all broken wood may be sold as soon as possible. All intended 

 fellings should be postponed until the volume of the broken 

 wood has been calculated, and deducted from the annual yield. 

 If there is more wood broken than the fixed annual yield, all 

 principal fellings should be postponed for a year or more. 



Some idea of the large quantity of wood which is blown 

 down may be gained from the fact that in the spruce and 

 silver-fir State forests in Wiirttemberg, about one-third of the 

 fixed annual yield comes from windfalls and breakage. 



6. Treatment of Woods ivliicli have been Damaged by 

 Storms. 



When we consider the great variety of local circumstances 

 which influence the degree of damage done by storms, it is 

 impossible to draw up special rules for the treatment of injured 

 woods which will meet all cases that may occur. 



A few general rules will, however, be given which are 

 applicable to the commoner cases for trees and poles, no 

 damage being done by storms to thickets of saplings or to 

 coppice-shoots. Further information on this subject should 

 be obtained from books on silviculture. 



A. Injured Trees. 



All mature or nearly mature woods that have been badly 

 invaded by storms should be felled earlier than was otherwise 

 intended ; this is especially true for woods which have thus 

 become full of blanks. If, however, the storm has caused 

 only a few blanks, the date fixed for fellings need not be 

 anticipated. 



Small blanks due to the fall of single trees, or small groups 

 of trees, cannot well be planted up, as plantations succeed 



