INUNDATIONS. 



americana, L. ; the latter withstands water hetter than the 

 common ash. 



Pollarding, the Selection system, and Coppice-with-standards, 

 rich in standards, are suitable systems of management. Tree- 

 willows may be pollarded, hut poplars are best managed by 

 cutting only their side branches, as pollarded poplars soon 

 decay. Both poplars and willows speedily reproduce the bark, 

 which has been rubbed off by ice ; they are generally grown 

 from strong cuttings. Oak, elm and ash may be grown in 

 High Forest. 



Reproduction is effected by planting saplings and slips, 

 as natural regeneration is difficult to 

 A obtain on areas liable to floods. 



A large number of saplings must be 

 planted, to replace those that are injured 

 by floods and to kill blackthorn and 

 other noxious weeds. 



In the case of Coppice-with-standards, 

 a much larger number of tellers is 



i r JT VL 



IK JT 



Fig. 266. 



Fig. 267. Section from A to B, showing 

 comparative heights of wood. 



reserved at each felling than is usually the case under this 

 system, in order to keep down inferior species such as black- 

 thorn. Osier beds, chiefly of Salix riminalis, S. purpurea, etc., 

 may be planted by means of cuttings, and cut over annually. 



In the case of High Forest, or Coppice-with-standards, the 

 felling-areas should be arranged at an oblique angle with the 

 course of the stream as shown in Figs. 266 and 267, I. being 

 the youngest and VIII. the oldest wood, and alternate compart- 

 ments differing in age by half the rotation. 



Such an arrangement affords shelter to the young growth 

 and prevents floods from carrying away beyond the next strip 

 of wood the felled timber lying on any area. 



Q Q 2 



