XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



1). MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD cm/'. PAGE 



<;. Heating-power and combustibility 107 



7. Aptitude for being worked Ill 



(a) By implements Ill 



(b) By grinding into pulp 115 



(c) By polishing 115 



(d) Wood-bleaching 115 



(e) Staining HG 



(f) Pyrography 116 



(g) Charcoal-making . . 116 



(h) Impregnation 11G 



8. Dimensions of trees 117 



!). Shape of trees 119 



10. Yield of the chief species 124 



E. DEFECTS IN WOOD 124 



1. Defective structure 124 



(a) Abnormal tissues 124 



(b) Abnormal direction of fibres 128 



(c) Defects in sound wood 138 



(d) Diseased wood-fibres 141 



2. DEFECTS IN TJHE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD . . .142 



(a) Discolouration 142 



(b) Abnormal scents 148 



(c) Diminished hardness and sp. weight 148 



(d) Defects in economic properties 148 



(e) Defects in chemical properties . . . . . .154 



CHAPTER IL 



FELLING AND CONVERSION OF WOOD. 



SECTION I. MANUAL LABOUR int; 



1. General remarks l.~<> 



2. Demands on woodcutters 1 58 



3. Wages 102 



4. Organisation of Labour . . . . . . . .168 



5. The forest labour-question 1 72 



SECTION II. WOODCUTTERS' IMPLEMENTS 174 



1. Hewing implements .174 



2. Saws 1S1 



3. Tools for splitting wood 1!4 



4. Implements for extracting and splitting stumps and roots . . U'7 

 >i;i TION III. SEASON FOR FELLING 204 



1. Climatic conditions 204 



2. Available labour-force 205 



:i. Mode of felling 2()5 



4. Quality of out-turn 207 



:>. Species of tree -07 



('. Special application of material . K>s 



