PROPERTIES OE WOOD. 



Summer-wood darker than the spring-wood, hence the annual 

 rings are fairly distinct. 



Radial Section. The borders of the annual rings are quite 

 distinct as dark bands of variable thickness. The rays, 

 according to the incidence of light, are light and lustrous, or 



dark and dull, in bands 

 Jj a/ \ e H. f varying thickness. 



"^w Tangential Section. 



1 /*'' ^^*? 



\. Dark bands show the 



summer- wood. The sec- 

 tions of the rays are 

 very numerous, dark 

 ' /Q c lenticular streaks. 



The sapwood is very 

 <, broad, the heartwood but 

 slightl y coloured, or 



a distinctly brown ; in 



American beechwood, 



_ very brown. In Euro- 



pean beechwood, the 

 heartwood becomes 



c x clearly distinct after a 



felling. A reddish or 

 dark brown coloured 

 heartwood near the pith 

 is abnormal (ride p. 146). 

 A few days after the 



Fig. io.-Type of Beechwood (Fagus). felling, the drying of the 

 //. >s; F as in Fig. .. a Spring-wood, wood outwardly from the 



1> Summer-wood, c. c Medullary rays. pith becomes apparent 



by the lighter colour of 



the inner zones of wood; this light colour proceeds up to 

 I he bark, for the light brown colour of beechwood conies 

 on gradually. 



3. Species of Ash (Fraxwus). 



(In Europe, America and Asia.) 



Transverse Section. Pores numerous and large in the 

 spring-wood. In the summer-wood they are less numerous, 



