PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. 



trees, trees with incomplete heartwood (Reifholz) and 



heartwood trees. 



All our 

 follows : 



species of woods can therefore be grouped as 



I. Heartwood 

 coloured. 



Permeated with 

 colouring matte:. 



1 1 . Heartwood 

 uncoloured, 



s> that sap wood 



and heartwood 



resemble one 



another. 



[Heartwood in living trees 



containing little water. 

 Trees die shortly after gird- 

 ling. 



\ Heartwood in living trees 



containing much water. 

 1 Trees may live a few years 

 \ after girdling. 



Heartwood in living 

 with little water. 



Heartwood in living I ives 

 rich in water. 



Pines, larches, hemlock- 

 spruces, Douglas - firs, 

 deodar, all Cujtrexthtct/e 

 and Td.roiTincac. 



Oaks, elms, ashes, lilacs, 

 plums and cherries, mul- 

 berry-trees, sweet chest- 

 nuts, Zelcowa and all 

 Papllionaceae. 

 . ' Spruces, silver-firs. Sc'nnlo- 



, . 77, 



/nfi/ft, ( epnalataaovs. 

 Beeches, hornbeams, birch 

 (except Bet ul fctifn}. 

 maples, horse-chestnuts. 



The more important indigenous and foreign species of wood, 

 shortly after felling, exhibit the following colours : 



Sapwood is coloured pale whitish- or reddish-yellow in all 

 wood-species.* 



Heartwood similar to sapwood in colour. Spruces, silver- 

 firs, spindle-trees (Kii<nimus), horse-chestnuts, poplars, 

 birches (except cherry-birch), Modopiti/*, beeches. 



Heartwood only slightly darker than sapwood. Maples, 

 limes, Sorbiis, Lawsnn's cypress, Thuya nn-icJoitalia. 



In all succeeding woods the colour of the heartwood only 

 is referred to : 



Yellow. Box, barberry, /.'//MX, orange-wood, pomegranate, 

 Mar Jura, sandal, Chamaecypari* pi*in-ra (Japan), elder, satin- 

 wood (Cliloro.ri/hn) (Ceylon), XautJm.ri/lnn (West Indies), 

 Ferolia (Guiana). 



Light-brown. Oaks, Ailanthus, Celtis, Sorbus, hickory, 

 sweet-chestnut, plums, elms, ash, pearwood, olive, old pencil- 

 cedarwood. 



Light reddish-brown. Yew, larch, old mahogany, cedar 

 (Cedrela), cherrywood, grenadil (Antltyllis, Dalbergia, West 

 Indies), briarwood (Erica arborea), Scots pine, Cembran pine. 



* [H. Stone has two species of seasoned wood (species undetermined) in 

 which the sapwood is much darker than the heartwood. They are both from 

 British Guiana, and their native names are Howadanni and Manniballi," balli " 

 being the Carib word for tree. Tr.j 



