MANUAL LABOUR, 161 



vii. The woodcutter is not allowed, either by himself or his 

 family, to remove any wood from the felling-area. At 

 the completion of the felling and conversion of the 

 produce, all broken pieces, chips, and other wastage, 

 will be divided among the workmen. 



viii. Each foreman is responsible for the security of the wood 



worked by his own gang, 

 ix. Fires should not be made by 1 

 whenever a larger number it 

 area. Great care must be la. 

 should be extinguished, or c* 

 evening. 



Rules under headings (b) to (d) as regards felling, conver- 

 sion, and removal of the timber will be given in the sections 

 dealing with these subjects, and also with B. and C. Special 

 conditions, II., depend on local circumstances. 



III. PENALTIES. 



The third part of the conditions of agreement gives the 

 penalties for infraction of any of the above stipulations. 



Such penalties may be pecuniary, such as deductions from 

 wages, temporary suspension from work, or dismissal, and, 

 whenever the woodcutter obtains certain privileges from the 

 forest-owner, such as land for cultivation, wood, litter, etc., 

 temporary or permanent deprivation of such privileges. 



Certain offences by woodcutters and other forest labourers 

 are punishable under the forest law. 



The penalties should be those usual in the district, and 

 within the means of the working population. 



Deductions from wages and deprivation of privileges are 

 the most suitable penalties for the poorer workmen. Wher- 

 ever experience shows that penalties are unavailing, it is 

 better not to include them in the conditions of agreement, 

 for in such a case it is better to have no law than one 

 that cannot be carried out. There are at present many districts 

 where this is the case, and where penalties cannot be enforced 

 owing either to the poverty cf the people or to the scarcity 

 of labour. 



F.U. M 



