198 



FELLING AND CONVERSION OF TIMBER. 



used for severing, removing or splitting the stumps and roots 

 of a tree. 



The mattock (Fig. 130) is about one foot long and 2 to 2J 

 inches broad, it is made of good steel and strongly fixed to its 



Fig. 130. Mattock. 



Fig. 132. Pick. 



handle and is used for digging into the ground and severing 

 small roots. The pick (Fig. 182), which is sharply pointed, is 

 used as well as the mattock for this purpose on stony ground, 

 and both tools may be combined in 

 the form of the common pick-axe 

 (Fig. 131). 



The grubbing-axe serves for severing 

 the exposed larger side-roots, and is 

 merely a small-edged felling-axe (Fig. 

 133); as, however, it wears out rapidly 

 owing to the stones, etc., with which it 

 comes in contact, usually a worn axe no 

 longer serviceable for felling trees is 

 used for the purpose. 

 In order to separate large spreading side-roots from the 

 stump of a tree, generally a saw is used instead of an axe, 

 and the ordinary carpenters' frame-saw is preferred. 



Tough wooden levers, the size of a cart-pole, and to 10 

 feet long, which arc cut into wedges at one end, are used for 



Fig. 133. Ilolieminn 

 grubbing-axe. 



