IMPLEMENTS FOTl EXTRACTING STUMPS. 



199 



breaking up the side-roots after they have been separated 

 from the stump. Besides these levers, wooden wedges of 

 different sizes are used and their use will be explained further 

 on with the operation of uprooting stumps. 



A long iron wedge fitting over a wooden handle, the end of 

 which is surrounded by an iron ring, is used also in separating 

 deeply situated roots. 



Fig. 134 represents a hook which fits over a tall thin coni- 

 ferous pole; a rope is fastened to it by means of which, 

 nf'te-r the hook has been attached to a branch, a tree may be 

 pulled over by the roots. 



Sometimes the hook is fastened merely to a rope and may 

 be attached to a branch by a man climbing the tree. This plan 

 can be employed only in the case of tall slender stems, as 

 climbing trees to attach the hook wastes too much time. 



(b) Machines for removing Stumps. In order to save 

 much of the labour involved in using the tools just described 

 for grubbing-out roots, various machines 

 have been invented for the purpose. 

 Of numerous modern inventions only 

 the Hawkeye machine, the forest-devil, 

 the kant-iron and lever, Wohmann's 

 machine and the screw-jack will be 

 described. 



The Hawkeye machine (Fig. 185) con- 

 sists of an iron vertical axle fixed on a 

 firm support, moving in sockets placed 

 above and below it, and surrounded by 

 a drum c. This drum can be firmly 

 attached to the axle, or loosened from it 

 by means of the lever b. The axle with 

 the drum attached is set in motion by 

 a horse moving the shaft a, and thus a 

 flexible steel rope 160 feet long which 

 is attached at one end to the drum 



may be wound round the latter. The rope passes round the 

 pulley ?i, which is attached to a powerful hook fixed to the 

 stump 11 to be extracted, the other end of the rope is also 

 attached by another hook to a support C. The distances, A R, 



Fie. 134. Tree-hook. 



