CAEEFUL METHODS OF CLEARING. 265 



removing the heaviest logs down to the valley below ; in such 

 places it is indeed necessary for them to do so, for carts 

 cannot then leave the roads, and the purchaser of the timber 

 must not be allowed to slide the logs downhill to his carts. On 

 sloping ground, therefore, all large timber is removed by the 

 woodcutters from the felling-area. Where there is only a 

 gentle slope, the removal of the timber from the felling-area 

 will depend on the amount of protection necessary for the 

 forest crop. In many such cases, it is sufficient to remove 

 the timber to the nearest cart-track passing through the 

 felling-area. 



The mode of re-stocking the area to be adopted will also 

 influence the matter. If the area of a clear-felling is to be 

 re-stocked immediately, all the wood on it must be removed. 

 In the case of natural regeneration, there are usually blanks 

 in the felling-area on which the heaviest timber may be 

 placed. 



Wherever the purchaser undertakes to fashion the wood in 

 the forest, as in the making of sabois, spokes, staves and 

 other cloven ware. the worksheds should, if possible, be kept 

 outside the felling-area; the granting of the permit to pre- 

 pare the wood should depend also on the acceptance by the 

 purchaser of certain suitable sites for his work, provided such 

 sites are available. 



5. Motifs of 



The felling-area may be cleared in various ways, which are 

 more or less consonant with forest protection ; such as carry- 

 ing, sliding, dragging, sledging, letting-down by ropes, using 

 timber-chutes and rolling downhill. 



(a) Careful Methods of Clearing a Felling-area. 



i. Carrt/inf/. 



Carrying is done chiefly by men, seldom by beasts, and is 

 confined to the smaller classes of material, such as firewood, 

 poles, branchwood and cloven-ware. 



As carrying by men is very laborious and expensive, it is 

 done for short distances only, especially when wood lias to be 



