266 FELLING AND CONVERSION OF TIMBER. 



removed from young growth with the least possible amount of 

 damage to the latter, or has to be taken a short distance uphill 

 to a road : also on very rocky ground, where no other means 

 of transport is practicable. The woodcutter either carries the 

 wood on his shoulder or piled on a frame on his back, or it is 

 carried on a litter supported by two people. Logs and poles 

 may be carried on the shoulders of several people [or suspended 

 from rods resting on their shoulders as they walk in pairs. 

 Tr.]. In natural reproduction-areas, especially during the final 

 stage in spruce or silver-fir woods, all branchwood should be 

 carried and not dragged from the felling-area, as the latter 

 plan does much damage to the young growth and predisposes 

 it to attacks of weevils. 



ii. Removiiif) Wood on Wheeled Conveyances. 



This is always a careful method of clearing a felling-area, 

 but can be employed only where the ground is fairly level. 

 The ordinary wheel-barrow may be used, to which a rope 

 may be attached to economise strength in pulling. Horses or 

 bullocks also may be used on fairly level ground, with the 

 front or back pair of wheels of a timber cart. In this case 

 the log is hung under the axle of the wheels, and this is the 

 best method available for removing timber from young growth 

 without injuring it. The use of portable railways (p. 336) 

 is also a method as good, if not better, than the above. [A 

 French method of raising logs on to carts is shown on p. 481. 

 -Tr.] 



In order to further the transport, sufficiently wide cart- 

 tracks or paths may be cleared, which is specially advisable 

 if young growth is to be traversed. In any case this method 

 is far preferable to dragging the timber carelessly along the 

 ground. 



iii. Dragging or ftlidimj along //H> (j round. 



In this method either men or beasts may be employed. 

 Various implements are used by the workmen to expedite 

 matters, such as the krempe (Fig. 161), or the implement 

 shown in Fig. 160, resembling a boat-hook, and also used in 

 floating timber, or the strong hook-lever with hook and ring 



