276 FELLING AND CONVERSION OF TIMBER. 



or smaller end first. After the rope has been attached to the 

 log, it is wound once or several times, according to the weight 

 of the log and the gradient of the ground, round the stem of 

 a neighbouring tree or stump, and let down by gradually 

 loosening the rope. It is accompanied by 1 to 3 men, who 

 guide it past obstacles, or stop it with the krempe (Fig. 163) 



or lever (Fig. 164) freed 

 from thekanting-hook, and 

 direct its course among 

 the young growth. Once 

 the length of the rope is 

 run-out, the log is held 

 firmly by the men by 

 means of krempes, until 

 the rope has been wound 

 round another tree, and 

 the process is repeated 

 Fig. 176. Sliding with a rope. until the log has reached 



its destination. 



This method is employed extensively in different parts of 

 the Black Forest, where up to Wd. a cubic meter (35 cubic-feet) 

 is paid for the removal of the logs ; this expenditure is amply 

 covered by the higher price thus secured for the timber. 



[Care must be taken that the rope is not wound round valu- 

 able standard trees intended to remain for several years on the 

 felling-area, as their bark is then damaged and unsoundness 

 may ensue. Tr.] 



(b) Injurious methods of clearing a Felling-area. 



In the following methods of clearing a felling-area, the wood 

 is no longer under the control of the workman, but is left to 

 itself while it moves. 



i. llolllinj /rood from the Felling-area. 



This is a method of removal only permissible over unstocked 

 areas, as in the clear-cutting system with artificial reproduc- 

 tion. In such a case it is an expeditious method if the gradients 

 are not too givai. When the gradient is considerable, it becomes 



