278 FELLING AND CONVERSION OF TIMBER. 



river-side. A rolling-road used in New Zealand for Dacryd'uun 

 cupressinum is shewn in Fig. 177. Tr.] 



ii. Throwing wood from the Felling-area. 



Another method employed for short round butts intended 

 subsequently to be split into cordwood, is to throw them down 

 hill topsy-turvey from terrace to terrace. A firm surface to 

 the ground is necessary, such as snow with a hard frozen 

 surface, on which the wood may slide or roll as well as turn 

 over. It may also be done in wet weather, but deep snow 

 greatly impedes the descent of the logs. 



The krempe is usefully employed in setting the butts in 

 motion. The practice can be employed only over unstocked 

 areas. It is rendered more practicable when branch-wood 

 from the felling-area is piled on both sides of the line selected 

 for the descent of the butts, thus keeping them well together. 



iii. Sliding timber. 



This is the method of allowing logs and butts to slide down- 

 hill by their own weight. Their butt-ends are rounded and 

 turned down-hill. Any depressions in the hill-side are speedily 

 filled with butts and logs, and the workmen try to keep these 

 lying parallel to one another in the direction of the greatest 

 slope, so as to assist the other logs in sliding over them. 



This method is employed largely in the Austrian Alps, and 

 in Franconia. Wherever on the hill-side the gradient of the 

 slope is insufficient for any further chuting of the logs to be 

 done, they are turned at right-angles to their previous direc- 

 tion and rolled by means of the krempe to the next steep slope, 

 where sliding can be recommenced. This method is illustrated 

 in Figs. 178, 179, the fall in the latter case being from the top 

 of the diagram. 



iv. ///// lintbn'-i'lnilt'x. 



These are narrow ravines among mountains, with steep 

 sides, and are barred by means of a horizontal log, behind 

 which a number of short, round logs are collected and let loose 

 down the ravine by cutting away one end of the bar. This 

 method of removal is employed in the Alps, for short distances, 



