302 WOOD THAN SPOUT JiY LAM). 



to construct only certain parts of it. The other parts of the 

 network will be constructed, seriatim, as the working of the 

 forest proceeds, and by the end of a forest rotation, the 

 whole projected network will be completed. It is, however, 

 indispensable to take in hand the roads for certain forest 

 compartments several years before the regular course of 

 fellings reaches them, so that they may be ready in time. It 

 is especially necessary in mountain-forests, where road-making 

 is most difficult and expensive, that the plan for the network 

 of roads should be thoroughly well devised. In the case of 

 forests in plains, it may be permissible to construct temporary 

 roads, which are allowed to fall into disrepair when all the 

 material for which they were constructed has been transported. 

 This is not sufficient for mountain-forests, where all roads 

 made should be kept in constant repair. 



The main roads should run through the heart of the forests, 

 and be so directed that they lead to other public roads in 

 direct communication with timber-markets, or to railroads or 

 streams serving for water-transport. The forest-roads are 

 themselves often public roadways. Subsidiary roads branch- 

 off from the main roads into the forest, and may serve as means 

 of transport from all .parts of it. In tracing subsidiary roads, 

 the forester always must keep in view the fact that each of 

 them should serve several compartments of the forest, and 

 therefore should cut right through the felling-areas or adjoin 

 them, or be connected with them by smaller bifurcations. 



The principal forest-road usually follows a valley leading 

 towards the timber-market; it either reaches this valley within 

 the limits of the forest, or keeping more to the high and less 

 broken ground descends to it outside the forest. The main 

 roads should be arranged so as to connect the market with all 

 parts of the forest, by means of the subsidiary roads, without 

 its being necessary for the latter to make any long ascent to 

 reach them. 



In level and slightly undulating ground, every forest 

 boundary-line and every forest-ride may serve as a subsidiary 

 road. In mountainous forests, however, the roads, descending 

 in long curves from the heights to the chief line of com- 

 munication below, pass repeatedly through the compartments; 



