240 WOOD TRANSPORT BY LAND. 



up to 7 % and without steam-power, as they have to be dragged 

 back to the felling-area by horses; as far as possible they 

 should be made of wood. 



The trucks are constructed below like ordinary railway- 

 trucks, but they support a revolving horizontal plate furnished 

 with an iron crescent-shaped support, or a horizontal bed with 

 inclined arms, on which the logs rest as shown in Figs. 213, 

 214. These revolving plates allow of a log resting on two 

 trucks being taken round curves. Each truck is provided with 

 a brake, and different lands of brakes are used. 



For the transport of firewood the revolving plate is 

 not required, but the truck forms a platform at its sur- 

 face, and uprights are supplied on both sides to support 



Fig. 219. Windlass for lading. 



the wood. Evidently the transport of logs can be conducted 

 only by means of two trucks ; firewood also may be piled 

 on two trucks over two scantlings placed longitudinally 

 (Fig. 214). 



(d) Apparatus for Lading the Trucks. In using forest 

 tramways all suitable mechanical appliances for saving labour 

 should be provided. Although in lading trucks with poles 

 and other light pieces manual labour alone is required (Fig. 215), 

 cranes are supplied for lifting logs on to the trucks. Fig. 216 

 represents a special tripod crane, Fig. 217, a double crane 

 capable of lifting 4% tons, which may be separated into two 

 parts for convenience of transport and Fig. 219 an improved 

 timber-loader constructed by Haarmann at the Osnabriick 

 steel works. [This is said by Brandis to be the safest method 

 for the workmen. Tr.] Finally, Fig. 218 shows an improved 



