FOREST-TRAMWAYS. 348 



branches) at Kottenforst, rolling-stock, loading apparatus, and 

 laying-down 4 miles of main line, in which 40 was spent on 

 earth-work, was 1'252 per mile and it is estimated to last for 

 15 years. Tr.] 



3. Mode of Transport. 



A distinction may be made in forest-tramways according to 

 the means used to work them: merely utilizing a down-incline 



l-'i.u'. 222. Use of brake. 



of the line of road ; dragging the trucks by means of horses 

 or men, or finally by locomotives. 



Where the incline of the roadway is used, there must be a 

 fall in it of about 3 to 4 %, and the trucks must be provided 

 with suitable brakes. The empty trucks are dragged back by 

 horses and less frequently by men. This method is employed 

 for short distances wherever the ground is suitable, and is 

 n -presented in Fig. 222. 



