414 



WOOD TKANSPORT BY WATER. 



and one of each pair (m in) being placed above the bundles and 

 one (n n) below, transversely to the raft-section, the withes are 

 fastened round these poles, which thus enclose all the boards 



Fig. 278. Union of sections to form a raft. 



in the raft-section (Fig. 277). Such a section is quite rigid. 

 The raft-sections fastened together on the land and slid into 

 the water are then bound into rafts as shown in Fig. 278. 



Fig. 279. Method of fixing planks. 



The sections A, B, C, and D, are not dovetailed together by 

 their projecting borders, but long slender spruce poles (Figs. 

 277 and 278, d d) are fastened to their sides, passing from 



Fig. 2SO. -Plunk nil 1 !. 



section to section, and thus affording rigidity to the whole 

 raft. 



Another mode of binding rafts is shown in Fig. 279. The 

 bundles of boards are tied with withes, but each withe passes 



