FORM IN WHICH WOOD IS SOLD. 449 



ii. Ciuu'i-rxion- by the Purchaser. 



When trees are sold standing and the purchaser undertakes 

 their conversion into timber and firewood, if the seller and 

 purchaser are not to be quite in the dark as to the real value 

 of the trees, a much more careful forecast of the yield should 

 be made than in sales by unit of produce ; if this is not 

 thoroughly well done, the forest-owner will certainly come out 

 of the business at a loss. 



These sales may deal with all the standing trees on a 

 felling-area or on a demarcated portion of a felling-area. In 

 such cases, the estimate of their value depends on an accurate 

 survey of the area, and a calculation of the average yield of 

 an acre, which is possible in the case of homogeneous woods, 

 such as pure coniferous even-aged woods, or coppice. Then 

 care must be taken, in case experience of the yield of similar 

 fellings is not available, to make use of every assistance which 

 the different methods of valuation can afford. Generally, 

 in Kussia, crops of standing trees are sold by area [and so is 

 coppice in England. Tr.] 



If, however, the sale is only of certain marked trees on a 

 felling-area, the protection and tending of the forest may be 

 endangered much more than when the sale is by area. This 

 is specially the case in regeneration-fellings or fellings by 

 selection, and in those of trees standing over poles. This 

 mode of sale may, however, be applied advantageously to 

 standards over coppice, or to isolated large trees in middle- 

 aged high forest, or in forests where the trees are far apart, as 

 in Russia. It is more admissible for conifers than for broad- 

 leaved species, as the real value of the former may be forecast 

 more accurately than that of broadleaved species, which so 

 frequently suffer from internal defects. 



Here and there, material of little value, the conversion 

 of which would prove too costly for the forest-owner, 

 may be sold en masse, such as stunted wood on waste 

 land, inferior pollards, stumps of trees which are difficult 

 to uproot and split, etc. A purchaser who estimates his 

 own labour at a low value may find a profit in purchasing 

 such material. 



F.U. G G 



