450 DISPOSAL AND SALE OF WOOD. 



iii. Lease of the Yield of a Forest for a Term of Years. 



The two preceding modes of sale involve the sale of only 

 one year's fellings in a forest, but not the lease of the annual 

 yield of a forest for a term of years. This was formerly 

 almost the only mode of sale in the vast Austrian mountain- 

 forests. During the eighteenth century, nearly all extensive 

 works using wood obtained the assignment of adjoining 

 forests for their exclusive use, sometimes with the sole 

 stipulation that the management of the works should remove 

 all the trees in a forest during a rotation, on undertaking to 

 pay all the costs of maintenance of the forest. This privilege 

 was termed Kohlwidmung (charcoal concession), and implied 

 the right of the works to take so much charcoal annually from 

 the forest. Such concessions of forest produce are made no 

 longer, but leases of forests for terms of three to ten years still 

 prevail, chiefly in Kussia, Sweden, West and East Prussia, in 

 some provinces of Austria-Hungary (Moravia, Bohemia, etc.), 

 Switzerland, etc. The price is then fixed by formal, written 

 agreement. Some of the older concessions are not yet 

 abolished, in spite of repeated endeavours on the part of the 

 German Forest Departments and of private forest-owners. 



iv. General Remarks. 



The chief point to be observed in all sales of standing trees 

 is to decide the requisite silvicultural and protective conditions 

 and to word them clearly ; a thoroughly detailed description of 

 the material to be sold should also be given. In France, lists 

 of trees to be sold standing are published in pamphlet-form 

 giving all the sale-lots on the felling-areas of a single forest 

 range (inspection) for a whole year. 



[In these French lists, besides the number and species of 

 trees in each lot and their cubic contents in timber and fire- 

 wood, a list is given (collier des charges) of all the protective 

 works to be done at the expense of the purchaser, such as 

 pruning, planting-up blanks, repairs to roads, etc., together 

 with estimates of their cost. Strict general silvicultural and 

 protective rules for the conduct of the fellings also are printed in 

 each pamphlet. Tr.] 



