482 



CHAPTEK VIII. 



AUXILIARY FOREST INDUSTRIES. 



BESIDES the production of raw material from forests, there 

 are several industries with the details of which a forester 

 should be acquainted, as they either form part of his regular 

 duties or are nearly related to them. They may therefore be 

 termed auxiliary forest industries. They are based on the 

 conversion by machinery of raw forest material into com- 

 mercial products, partly by reducing it in size or altering its 

 form, as by sawing, splitting, etc., partly by improving the 

 natural quality of the wood and finally by completely altering 

 its substance, in order to give commercial value to its consti- 

 tuents. The present chapter will therefore be divided into the 

 following sections: 



A. DETAILED CONVERSION OF WOOD. 



B. METHODS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF WOOD. 



C. ALTERING THE SUBSTANCE OF WOOD IN ORDER TO 



OBTAIN ITS CONSTITUENTS. 



A. DETAILED CONVERSION OP WOOD.* 



In former times it was undoubtedly advantageous to the 

 forest-owner to conduct some of these industries under his own 

 direct control. Private enterprise has, however, gradually 

 intervened, and most foresters now prefer to confine their 

 exertions to the production of raw material, since owing to 

 the increasing specialisation of industry and the difficulties of 

 dealing with labour, it is an acknowledged maxim, at least 

 as regards State ownership of forests, that the State should 

 not compete unnecessarily with private enterprise. There 



* The best- work on this subject is by I'.nnnn', ' Anlaec. Einrichtung u. Betrieb 



<|IT Sii-cwcrkc.'' I'.crlin, I'.iol. 



