SAWMILLS. 483 



are some foresters,* however, who consider it necessary or 

 advantageous to direct auxiliary forest industries, especially 

 when the profits made by the middleman in converting 

 raw material into saleable wares is secured by the forest- 

 owner, or when private enterprise fails to utilise the raw 

 material to the best advantage; also in cases where it is 

 necessary to lead private enterprise in the right direction, and 

 thus, by producing goods of superior quality, obtain a better 

 market for them. In the same way agriculture is not 

 restricted any more than forestry to the production of raw 

 material, but undertakes many industries that are properly 

 of an auxiliary nature. 



Since, then-fore, several auxiliary forest industries are 

 often conducted directly by the forest -owner, or by the 

 State, the most important of these will be now described 

 in a general manner. 



SKCTION I. SAWMILLS. t 



The transportability of the wood produced by a forest 

 influences the revenue of the latter considerably. Timber in 

 the round cannot, as a rule, bear transport to a distance and 

 timber-prices would in general be very low, were it not possible, 

 to convert heavy logs into planks and scantling and thus 

 facilitate their transport to a distance from the forest. This 

 conversion is effected chiefly by sawmills situated either in 

 or near the forest, the existence of which enables many 

 forests to be worked at a prolit and affords a market for their 

 timber. | 



The question whether sawmills should be managed by forest- 

 owners, or left to independent private industry, has, in the 



* [This is especially the case in the Sihlwald, a forest belonging to the town 

 of Zurich, where the wood is worked up in detail into all kinds of mercantile 

 produce, besides being treated on the spot with antiseptic substances. Tr.j 



f "Sawmills,'' by M. I'.. Bale, London, Crosby Lock wood & Co., 1898. 



J [It is stated that sawmills were run by water-power in (Jermany as early 

 as \:\~2'2. An attempt to establish a mill in England in 1663 was abandoned 

 owint: to the opposition of the sawyers, and one erected at Limehouse, in 1768, 

 was destroyed by a mob. North America is the home of sawmills, one having 

 l.eeii erected j n Maine iii li;:',i. Kncyc. Brit.," 1886, "Sawmills," by Hotch- 

 h. 



i i 2 



