544- 



AUXILIARY FOKEST INDUSTRIES. 



the kilns (Fig. 317, w m). At the lower end of the kiln stout 

 stakes are driven into the ground (Figs. 317, 318, p p p), and 

 the piling commences against these stakes. As in the figures, 

 the thickest wood is placed in the middle of the kiln and near 



i#. 317. - Horizontal kiln. 



its upper extremity, while the smaller pieces are placed above, 

 below and at its foot. 



The wood should, in this case also, be piled as closely as 

 possible, and interstices filled in with split wood. The flue is 



Fig. 31 S. Hori/xmtal kiln. 



formed, as may be seen from Fig. 317, a, by placing several logs 

 around a cylindrical hole running from side to side of the kiln, 

 or as in Fig. 318, a, a kindling chamber is left open, as is 

 customary in Steiermark. 



(iv) The kiln is now covered ; the inner covering is usually 

 spruce or silver-fir twigs, the lower ends of which are stuck into 



