TIMBEB i BED IN Tin-; GROUND, ;>li7 



of Ckamacyparia ohtnxtt . only Xelkowa Keaki is used for 



temples. 



|ln liulia, leak. deodar, PinUS exceka &U& Q&\ (Shored rolmxhi) 

 yield the hest, huildin;; timher, hut. each province (especially 

 the moister regions f r>en.";;il, A sun, Hurma, r>omhay and 



Mad; .. \\ other S|)ecies \ 'it-Id 1 1 1; d II ra hie lilllhel'. 



r>y far the larger numher of Indian devoured h\- 



tlie while ant, however well they may he seasoned; this 

 illy the possihle selection of lilllhers to he used 

 fur l.uildin-s. Ti\| 



i ION 111. TIMIIKI; i MI; ( ii;ci 



\Y I in the Innii of piles for foiindat i<-ns in swa.inpy 



ground, or to siippori :nhankiih d in 



aqueducts, mads, railways or mines, come under Ilii., ln-ad. 



1. 1 1 '<><><l used in Foundations <>i Buildings* 



\\ here hiiildin I on yieldin;; soil, frequently 



a foundation is ma.de for them hy driviii" piles S indn 

 lli inches in diameter, and 1() fed In hi fed Ion; 1 , into the 

 ground, soinelin,' ,er;il her die ftbove tin- oilier, until 



a firm foundation ha soared, I'Ve.piently ihi baki 



very large 'piantityof tiniher. \\'herever Ihesr piles are n-t 

 completely under water the\ mely h;ihle lo rot, Owing 



to the variahle moisture in the, soil, which is not, usually siil'li 

 cienl to exclude the air, and lo the usually moderate lemp- 

 hire of the soil. Hence (he most duniblo woods are ir.ed for 

 this purpo ,e, BUC hielly larch 



and Scots pine. \\herever ihes.oil is permanently wet , aldor 

 WOOd also may he u ed, ,i i; Mial fhat fhe piles should 



'hi. 



"2. \\'<><><l<'it 



AltJioii-h everywhere iron wafer pipes, a,re replarin; 1 ; woodon 

 pipes for aqueducts, jet in certain well wooded countries Die 

 latter are used :till; lor llih purpose fhe hesf Scots pine 

 wood, larchwood and black pinowood are most siiilahle. 

 Onl iv u ed, B in hoi in- them the aii;';er musl 



not leave the heartwood nor penetrate fhesapwood, which ha , 



