606 INDUSTRIAL USES OF WOOD. 



6. Trenails. 



Trenails are wooden pegs of various sizes, the largest 

 being used in shipbuilding and smaller sizes by the cabinet- 

 maker and joiner, for fastening pieces of wood together ; the 

 smallest kinds are used by shoemakers. Ships' trenails are 

 in lengths of 4, 8, 16, 28 inches, 1J to 3 inches thick ; they 

 are made of robinia, ash and mulberry-wood. Thirty-five 

 stacked cubic feet yield on the average 200 trenails. Trenails 

 used by joiners and cabinet-makers are made of the wood of 

 oak, fruit-trees, beech, and even of coniferous wood, besides 

 that of robinia and ash. Shoemakers' pegs are made of 

 birch, hornbeam and sycamore. 



The largest kinds of trenails are made by machinery as 

 follows : A round piece of wood is cut to the length of the 



nails, and then placed on 

 a sliding frame, which 

 forces it against the 

 cutting-blade. It is thus 

 split in one direction, and 

 then turned through an 

 angle of 90 deg. and split 

 again. The split pieces 

 y. 343 are then pointed conically 



by machines. 



Shoemakers' pegs are made similarly, only here, as in 

 Fig. 343, the points are made by means of planes running 

 first along a b, and then along a c. The pieces are then split 

 vertically (a m). There are factories in Silesia where annually 

 35,000 cubic feet of wood are made into shoemakers' pegs. 



Large numbers of wooden toothpicks are made at Weissenfels 

 and other places, of soft, white wood, chiefly willow. 



[6,000 to 12,000 trenails are made daily at a factory in 

 Walsall, besides 6,000 to 8,000 railway-keys. Large straight 

 oak logs are used. Tr.] 



7. Lead-Pencil*. 



The best wood for lead-pencils is the so-called cedar (Juni- 

 perus virginiana, L., and J. bennudiana, L.), but inferior 



