BROADLEAVED WOODS. 621 



blocks and the inner lining of ships. [Elmwood, being tough, 

 is used for boxes for tin-plates. Tr.] Figured elm wood is much 

 esteemed ; the wood of the common elm is more valuable 

 generally than that of the mountain elm. 



Sweet chestnut. Used occasionally in superstructures, also 

 for furniture, gate-posts, park-palings, fences and hurdles, 

 staves ; makes excellent vine-stakes, hop-poles and hoops. 



Sycamore and maple. Preferred by the cabinet-maker for 

 solid and veneered articles, parquetry, etc. ; by the turner and 

 carver, in cotton and jute mills for rollers and spools ; for 

 churns, musical instruments, gun-stocks, and ornamental whip- 

 handles. Bird's-eye maple is very valuable. 



Limewood. For fine carving, founders' models ; used 

 under veneer, for wooden basket-work ; in pianos and organs, 

 wooden shoes, papier-mache, etc. 



Beechwood. Joinery, for floors and staircases, in mills and 

 mines (stamping-hammers), railway-sleepers, street-paving 

 blocks, cabinet-making; for furniture, pianos, carpenters' 

 benches, wheelwrights' work, slack barrels, agricultural 

 implements, packing-cases, measures, sieve-frames ; for coarse 

 carved work, maltsters' shovels, wooden shoes, horse-collars, 

 gun-stocks, broom-heads, brush-backs, plane-boxes, spigots, etc. 



Hornbeam-wood. Wheelwrights' work, in mills, machinery, 

 turnery, shoemakers' pegs and lasts, plane-boxes, carpenters' 

 benches, tool-handles, agricultural implements, skittles, etc. 



Birchwood. Joinery, furniture, wheelwrights' work, turnery, 

 spools, bobbins, wood-carving, brushes, clogs, shoe-pegs, coarse 

 carved wares, withes, brooms, etc. Figured birchwood much 

 prized by cabinet-maker and carriage-builder. 



Alderwood. Used underground in mines, for covering 

 damp places, water-conduits ; largely used for cigar-boxes, 

 clog-soles, broom-heads, toys ; also for gunpowder. 



Poplar. Rafters and rails, slips for cargo, joinery and 

 wheelwrights' work, packing-cases, coarse carving, matches, 

 cigar-boxes, and papier-mache. The white poplar, or Abele, 

 also for superior wood-carving and in organs. Aspen for 

 lucifer-matches and paper-pulp. 



Willow. Cricket-bats (Salix cdba-viridis),* basket-work, 



* K. K. Trait, " Variations of AW//./- nUm."' Journal of Forestry, Oct., 1907. 



