INDUSTRIAL USES OF WOOD. 



clothes-pegs, withes, fascines ; wood of tree-willows used in 

 furniture under veneer, for packing-cases, hurdles, papier- 

 mache. [Being soft and tenacious is used as well as poplar 

 for lining carts for carrying stones. Tr.] 



Kobinia (False acacia). Wheelwrights' wood, especially 

 spokes, rungs, implements, joinery, trenails, vine-stakes, tool- 

 handles and turnery. 



Service-wood (Pyrus tonninalis). Used by turner and 

 cabinet-maker, and for wood-carving. [Pyrus Sorbits yields 

 very finely grained wood, used for set-squares, French curves, 

 etc. Tr.] 



Rowan-wood (Pyrus Aucnparia}. Splendid wheelwrights' 

 wood, on account of its great toughness. 



Wild pear (Pyrus comiininis). Highly esteemed for cabinet- 

 making and turnery, for picture-frames, blocks for woodcuts. 

 Figured wood equally prized with that of the cultivated pear 

 and apple-tree for veneers. 



Hazel. Used for hoops, sieve-frames, also by the cabinet- 

 maker ; for holding chisels to cut iron plates. 



Horse-chestnut. Used by the turner and cabinet-maker 

 and for fine wood-carving. 



Wild Cherry (Primus Cerasus, L.). By the cabinet- 

 maker, turner, and wheelwright. P. Padus for holding 

 chisels. 



Walnut. Highly esteemed for furniture, veneer, gun-stocks, 

 and for frames, wood-carving and turnery. 



Laburnum (Cytisns Laburnum and C. alpinum). Splendid 

 wood for turning, or for furniture. 



Boxwood, for wood-engraving and turnery, flutes, measures, 

 shuttles. This wood is becoming rare owing to the absence of 

 forestry in the Black Sea districts. 



2. Coniferous Woods. 



Spruce. Superstructures of all kinds, in boats for fresh- 

 water traffic. Sawn timber used by the joiner and cabinet-maker, 

 by the wheelwright and shingle-maker, for boxes, packing- 

 cases, toys, violins, etc., piano-making and organ-building. 

 Poles and saplings used for agricultural purposes, ladders, 



