686 UTILIZATION OF THE FRUITS OF FOREST TREES. 



method employed for removing the wings, and the comparative 

 thoroughness with which this is done, affects the yield greatly. 

 It is not, therefore, surprising that the yield of different 

 seed establishments in different years should vary considerably. 

 The following table gives the average weight of different 

 quantities of cones and seed: 



The concluding table gives the weight of sifted seed, without 

 wings, of the different species obtained from a certain weight of 

 winged seed, and the number of seeds in a fixed weight of 

 sifted seed. 



The size of the cones, and the consequent size of the seeds, 

 as well as the number of seeds in each cone, vary with the 

 climate, for greater heat implies larger cones and seeds ; thus 

 Cieslar found : 



In Finland, 1000 seeds of spruce weigh 3'96 4'569. 



In S. Sweden, 5'00 5'60. 



In Germany, 7*59 8*60. 



* [Figures for Scots pine, spruce and silver-fir from Gayer, the other pines 

 from Mr. Appel of Darmstadt, larch fioin Dr. Schlich. Tr. ] 



