COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS FROM RESIN. 727 



Galipot is dried resin picked from the tapped trees, and is 

 used in certain varnishes, also in naval construction, especially 

 in Holland, for painting ships and masts. 



Oil of turpentine is distilled from crude resin ; it is used 

 chiefly in oil-colours, varnishes, and medicine. 



Colophany is the best part of the residue after distillation 

 of crude resin, and is used for soap, papier-mache, sealing- 

 wax, etc. 



Brais is obtained by heating in a retort the straw sieves used 

 in filtering the resin, and also pine-roots. It is used in making 

 torches, and is run into small square boxes round four or five 

 wicks, and these are lighted on frosty nights, burning with a 

 dense smoke, which protects vineyards from frost ; it is used 

 also for soldering metals, or may be made into pitch. 



Turpentine paste is used for varnish, sealing-wax, litho- 

 graphic ink, etc. There are three kinds : The ordinary quality 

 is obtained after crude resin has been filtered but not distilled. 

 Pdtc an soldi is obtained when crude resin is exposed to the 

 sun's heat in vessels filled with holes, through which the more 

 fusible portions exude, forming the paste in question. When 

 casks full of crude resin are exposed to the sun, the portion 

 exuding through the staves is termed Pate dc Vculse. The 

 comparative values of these three kinds are as 37 : 40 : 250, 

 these numbers in francs representing the value in each case of 

 100 kilograms. 



By burning the roots and stumps, and the residue from the 

 factory, in closed masonry chambers separated by metallic 

 walls, lamp-black is obtained. Finally, by distilling pine- 

 wood, pine oil is obtained, which may be used for lighting 

 purposes, or as an antiseptic for preserving wood that is used 

 in the open. 



[Fig. 368 (p. 098) gives the latest American method of tapping Pi mix 

 /^/Z.yi!r/.s', which, and P. lieteroph i/ll<(, the Cuban pine, is borrowed from Mayr's 

 suggestions, given in " Harz der Nadelholzer," Berlin, 1894, but does not appear 

 to be so good as the French method already described, p. 707. Tr.] 



