54 TILIACE^:. [ Grewia. 



bhewal, bkimiil, kakki, Hind. ; Allpeyar, Tel. ; Dansagla, Lepcha, is a small tree 

 of the outer Himalaya, from the Jumna eastwards, Assam, Central and Southern India 

 and Burma, recognized by its long, tapering, glabrescent leaves ; while G. abutilifolia, 

 Juss. ; Hook. Fl. Ind. i. 330; Beddome xxxvii (G. aspera, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 591) 

 Vern. Pedda taraJci, Tel., is a small tree found in Southern India. Some species of 

 Grewia have edible fruits, and the wood of some is strong, tough and elastic. 



The wood of Grewia has small or moderate-sized pores, uniformly 

 distributed, and numerous fine, rarely moderately broad medullary rays. 

 The annual rings are generally marked. 



1. G. oppositifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 583 ; Hook. Fl. Ind. i. 384 ; 

 Brandis 537. Vern. Dhamman, pharwa, Pb. ; Biul, biung, bahul, bhimal, 

 bhengal, Hind. ; Bieul, Simla ; Pastuwanne, Afg. 



A moderate-sized tree, with grey bark. Wood white, with a small 

 mass of irregularly-shaped heartwood, hard, giving out an exceedingly 

 unpleasant odour, especially when fresh cut. Annual rings marked by 

 white lines. Pores moderate-sized, very numerous, uniformly distributed. 

 Medullary rays fine, white, wavy, very numerous. 



North- West Himalaya, from the Indus to Nepal, ascending to 6,000 feet. 

 Growth moderate, 7 rings per inch of radius. Weight, 45 to 50 Ibs. per cubic foot. 

 The wood is used for oar-shafts, handles, bows, &c., and for most purposes for which 

 elasticity and toughness are required. The bark gives a fibre which is much used in the 

 Punjab for rope and paper-making, but is not durable. The tree is much lopped for 

 feeding cattle during the winter. 



Ibs. 



H 100. Bhajji, Simla, 4,000 feet 45 



H 154. Sainj, 3,000 50 



2. G. populifolia, yahl.; Hook. Fl. Ind. i. 385 ; Brandis 38. Vern. 

 Ganger, Pb. ; Gango, Sind ; Gangerun, Rajputana. 



A small shrub, with grey bark. Wood yellow, hard, close-grained. 

 Annual rings marked by an almost continuous line of slightly larger 

 pores. Pores small, numerous, uniformly distributed. Medullary rays 

 very fine, white, wavy, very numerous. 



Arid zone, in the Punjab, Sind and Rajputana. 



Growth very slow. The wood is used for walking sticks and the fruit is eaten. 



P 3228. Nagpahar, Ajmere 



3. G. tilisefolia, Vahl. ; Hook. Fl. Ind. i. 386; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 

 587; Beddome t. 108; Brandis 41; Kurz i. 161. Vern. Pharsa, 

 dhamm, Hind.; Khesla, kasul, Gondi; Dhamni, Kurku; Charachi, 

 tharrd y Tel. ; Dhamono, Uriya ; Thadsal, batala, Kan. ; J)amnak t 

 3$hil ; Daman, Mar. ; Sadachn, Mai. ; Daminne, Ciugh. 



A moderate-sized tree. Bark J inch thick, grey on young trees, 

 dark brown on old trees. Sap wood white ; heartwood small, brown, 

 close-grained, hard. Annual rings visible. Pores moderate-sized, 

 numerous, uniformly distributed ; a continuous belt of pores in the 

 spring wood; autumn wood harder. Medullary rays fine, prominent on. 

 a radial section, giving a handsome silver grain ; the distance between 

 the rays equal to the transverse diameter of the pores. 



Sub-Himalayan tract from the Jumna to Nepal, ascending to 4,000 feet ; Central 

 and South India. 



Growth modcirato, about 6 rings per inch of radios. Weight, according to Skinner 



No. 75, 34 Ibs. ; Brandis s:iys 3D to ID Ibs.; the average of those examined :ive 48 Ibs. 

 Skinner's experiments in Smith India , #ive P = 565. Used for shafts, shoulder poles, 

 inasts, oars and all purposes l'.>r which elasticity, strength and toughness aro required. 



