Vcnlilayo. ] nil A M M 91 



3. VENT1LAGO, Gaortn. 



I 1 ontains 5 speeies of scanaent shruhs. llrsidcs the one described, 2 s 

 occnr in Northern and Central India, I in l>unna, 2 in Southern India and 1 in 

 ihe Eastern Himalaya and Ui-ngal. V. cl >/rnlat<i. Tul. ; Hook. Fl. Ind. i. 631 ; 

 H.andis <)<j. (V. madraspatana, Roxb. Fl. 'ind. i. 629.) Vern. Papri, C. P. ; 



I{(tkfaj>i(a, kala lag, Kuinaun ; 8k<tl >/<l. Mar., is a large climber of the outer Hima- 

 laya from Kimiaun eastwards. Southern India and Burma. 



1. V. maderaspatana, Gaertn.; Hook. Fl. Ind. i. 631; Beddome 

 Ixviii. ; Brandis 90; Kurz i. 2(12. Vern. Raktapita, Beng. ; Yerra 

 cfiicatlif Tel.; Papli, Turn., Kan.; Lokandi, kanwail, Bombay; 

 Chorgu, Hyderabad. 



A large climbing shrub. Bark dark grey with vertical cracks, 

 exposing the inner surface which has a vermillion colour. "Wood 

 greyish yellow, porous, soft; structure similar to that of Berchemia 

 Jloribunda. 



Central and Southern India and Burma. 



The bark is made into cordage, and a red dye is extracted from the root. It is said 

 also to give a gum. 



C 2920. Central Provinces. 



4. RHAMNUS. 



Contains 7 Indian species, indigenous to the Himalaya and the mountains of the 

 Western coast. Besides those here described, R. pensions, Boissier ; Hook. Fl. Ind. i. 

 i>:38 ; Brandis 93. Vern. Sherawane, ivurak, Afgh. ; Kukei, nar, nikki kander, 

 jalidar, knchnl, Pb., is a small tree of the Suliman and Salt Ranges, and th,- 

 Himalaya from the Jhelum to Garhwal ; R. nepalensis, Wall.; Hook. FJ. 

 Ind. i. 640, Gamble 19. Vern. Achal, Nep., is a large shrub of the Central and 

 Eastern Himalaya and Khasia Hills; while R. Wightii, W. and A., is a large 

 shrub of the higher hills of the Western Ghats. 



Wood generally with a brown heartwood, close-grained. Pores very 

 small, arranged in oblique tails and bands which generally anastomose. 

 Medullary rays fine, numerous. 



1. R. virgatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 604 ; Brandis 92; Gamble 19. 

 R. dahuricns, Pall. ; Hook. Fl. Ind. i. 639. R. hirsntus, W. and A. ; 

 Beddome Ixx. Vern. Pkipai, ddd&r, tadru, seta pajja, kdnji, mamrdl, 

 shomfol, releoHj gogsa, sindrol, mutni, nior, chair, romusk, Pb. ; Thalol, 

 chetain, Simla; Tmpo, mail, Tibet, Spiti ; Chato,chedwala,chadub } Hind. 



A shrub or small tree, deciduous. Bark thin, grey, smooth. Sap- 

 wood whitish ; heartwood brown, very hard and close-grained. Annual 

 rings distinctly marked. Pores very small, arranged in oblique anasto- 

 mosing irregular bands of soft texture, forming an irregular net-work. 

 Medullary rays line, very numerous, prominent in the meshes of the 

 not- work. The structure of the wood is the same as that of R/iamnus 

 catharlicus, Linn. 



Throughout the Himalaya and Western Ghats. 



Weight, 56 lb*. per cubic foot. Wood not used, except as firewood. The fruit is 

 bitter, emetic and purgative, and is given in affections of the spleen. 



Ibs. 



11 7 ( .. Mashobra, Simla, 7,000 feel ..... 57 



11 2-S77. Nagkanda, Simla. 8.000 ..... 55 



H 3168. Dungagalli, ILuaru, 7,000 .... 



