Tttmarimlu*. ] 



It is very largely planted iu avenues and topes, and is one of the most beautiful 

 of Indian trees. 



Ibfl. 



C 2811. Melghat, Berar . ^ f . .01 



P 451. A j mere . . > sap wood . < . ... 63 



E 2353. Siliguri, Bengal . 3 ( . ... 63 



No. 79. Ceylon Collection J (. . ... 80 



19. HARDWICKIA, Roxb. 



Contains 2 species, both from Central and South India. 



Heartwood dark coloured, hard, heavy. Pores moderate-sized, filled 

 with resin. Medullary rays fine, very numerous ; the distance between the 

 rays being less than the transverse diameter of the pores. 



1. H. binata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 423; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii. 270; Bed- 

 dome t. 26; Brandis 162. Vern. Anjan, Hind., Mar.; Acha, alii, Tarn. ; 

 Nar yepi, yapa, Tel. ; Kamrd, Jcarachi, Kan. ; Chhota dund/iera, Gondi; 

 Bone, Kurku; Parsid, Singrowli. 



A deciduous tree. Bark i inch thick, dark grey, rough with irre- 

 gular vertical cracks, exfoliates in narrow flakes. Sapwood small, white ; 

 heartwood extremely hard, dark red, often with a purplish tinge, cross 

 and very close grained. Pores moderate-sized, often subdivided, filled 

 with resin, uniformly distributed. Medullary rays fine, numerous, undu- 

 lating, and frequently bent where they touch the pores, visible on a radial 

 section as straight, narrow, white bauds. Scanty, fine, concentric lines. 



In dry forests of South and Central India, but not everywhere ; generally gre- 

 garious in isolated belts or patches of greater or less extent. Most commonly found 

 on sandstone, but also to be met with on trap and granite. Wanting in the western 

 moist-zone, and not found in Northern India, though it occurs as far north as the 

 Banda District of the North-Western Provinces. 



Weight, according to Skinner, No. 78, 85 Ibs. ; R. Thompson gives 67 ; and the 

 Central Provinces List of 1873, 65 Ibs. ; our specimens give an average of 82 Ibs. Skinner 

 gives P = 942. Perhaps the hardest and heaviest wood in India; it is extremely 

 durable, liable to split, but does not warp. It is used for bridge and house posts and 

 for ornamental work. It has been recommended for sleepers, but is probably too hard, 

 hea\ r 3 r and difficult to work to be much in favour. Out of 9 sleepers laid down on the 

 ]\l ysore State Railway and taken up after 7 to 8 years, 6 were found good, 2 still ser- 

 viceable, and only 1 bad. About 2,000 have been used on the Holkar and Neemuch 

 line. The bark yields a strong and valuable fibre. The leaves are given as fodder to 

 cattle. It yields a gum. 



C 800. Punassa Reserve, Central Provinces . . . . .84 



C 1147. Ahiri 84 



C 2986. Nimar, Central Provinces . . . . . . .83 



C 2929. Palamow, Bengal 82 



D 1055. Salem, Madras 83 



D 2025. Mysore 77 



No. 31. Salein Collection 82 



2. H. pinnata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 425; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii. 270; 

 Beddome t. 255. Vern. Koldvu, Tinnevelly; Matayen samprdiii, Travan- 

 core ; Yenne, Manjarabad (VanSomeren). 



A very large tree. Sapwood large ; heartwood brown, moderately 

 hard, exuding a red, sticky substance similar to copaiba balsam, which 

 consists of different resins dissolved in an essential oil. Pores moderate- 



