Prinsepia.] ROSACES. 165 



wood is only used for fuel and occasionally for walking-sticks. An oil is expressed from 



the seeds which is used for food and for burning. 



Ibs. 



H 49. Nagkanda, Simla, 8,000 feet 69 



H 2868. 



4. SPIRAEA, Linn. 



Contains 11 species found in the Himalaya, chiefly at elevations above 6,000 feet. 

 They contain both herbs, such as the "Meadow Sweet" found in Kashmir; and shrubs, 

 few of which attain any size. The two described are the most important. 



1. S. sorbifolia, Linn. ; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii. 324. S. Lin die y an a, DC. 



Vern. Sarbashtai, kikri, batu, Pb. 



A shrub, with reddish grey bark. Wood hard, compact, even-grained. 

 Annual rings distinctly marked by a belt of more numerous pores. 

 Pores small, scanty in the outer part of each annual ring. Medullary 

 rays moderately broad. 



North-West Himalaya, from the Sutlej to Kumaun, above 7,000 feet. 

 Growth moderate, 12 rings per inch of radius. The largest growing species. 

 Recognised by its pinnate leaves from the other shrubby species. It is chiefly found 

 in shady damp woods. 



Ibs. 



H 82. Simla, 7,000 feet 49 



H 3014. Hattu Forest, Simla, 8,000 feet 



2. S, canescens, Don. ; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii. 325. Vern. Ckaku, taku, 

 Simla. 



Structure similar to that of S. sorbifolia. 



North-West Himalaya, from Murree to Kumaun. 



Growth moderate, 12 rings per inch of radius. Found chiefly on open hill-sides as a 

 stiff bush. Very handsome in flower in the spring. 



H 159. Simla, 7,000 feet .... 



H 2827. Mahasu, Simla, 8,000 feet 



5. BUBUS, Linn. 



Contains 40 species of erect, trailing or climbing, generally thorny shrubs. Many 

 species are known on account of their edible fruits, the best of which is perhaps 

 R. ellipticus. R. fruticosus, Linn. ; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii. 337 ; Brandis 197. The 

 Blackberry or Bramble. Vern. Ankri, alish, kanachi, chench, pakhdna, Pb., is found 

 in Afghanistan, the Salt Range and the Punjab Himalaya as far east as the Ravi. 

 R, rosafolius, Sm.; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii. 34 1, ; Kurz i. 439 (R. Sikkimensis, 0. Kze; 

 Gamble 36), is a small shrub found in the Himalaya from Kumaun to Sikkim, in the 

 Khasia Hills and in the hills of Burma. It has a large, red, edible fruit, which is 

 sold in the bazar in Darjeeling. R. paniculatus, Sm, ; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii. 329 ; Brandis 

 196; Gamble 36. Vern. Kala akhi, Kangra; Anchu, pattarola, Tcala Jiisalu, Hind. ; 

 Numing rik, Lepcha, is a simple leaved species with leaves covered beneath with dense 

 white tomentum, common throughout the Himalaya. R. biflorus, Buch. ; Hook. Fl. 

 Ind. i. 338 ; Brandis 198. Vern. Chdnch, kantauch, khanidra, Kashmir ; Karer, 

 akhreri, akhe, Ravi ; Dher, Simla, is a white-stemmed shrub of the Himalaya from 

 Hazara to Bhutan. R. niveus, Wall. ; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii. 335 ; Brandis 199 ; Gamble 

 35. Vern. Kalga, Sutlej, has the same distribution. R. moluccanus, Linn. ; Hook. 

 Fl. Ind. ii. 330 ; Kurz i. 439 ; Gamble >39. Vern. Bipemkanta, Nep. ; Sufok-ji, 

 Lepcha, is a large shrub, with simple, rugose leaves, and red edible fruit, found in the 

 North-East Himalaya and down to Burma. R. racemosus, Roxb., and two other 

 species occur on the Nilgiris. There are many other interesting species, but too small 

 and too numerous for mention, here. 



