Helwingia. ] A R ALT ACE*:. 209 



Seem.; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii, 731; Brandis 249; Kurz 541 ; Gamble 44. Vern. Lai 

 totilla, Nep. ; Siriokhtem, L<prh:i ; Ee**eru, Assam; TZbwa, Caohav ; : Tachansa, 

 Burin., is a small tree of the sub-Himalayan tract from Kumaun to Assam, Eastern 

 Bengal, Chittsigong 1 and Burma. It is important as being a tree upon wl 

 Leaves, as well as on those of the Castor Oil plant, the " Eri " silkworm of Assam 

 (Attacns Jiir'nii) is IVd. Tupidanlhus calyptratus, H. f. and Th., is an evergreen 

 scan dent tree of the eastern slopes of the Arracan Yorna. 



The Chinese rice-paper is the pith of Aralia papyrifera, Hk., a tree of Formosa. 



Wood white, generally soft. Pores small, often arranged in concentric 

 bands. Medullary rays distant, broad or moderately broad, generally 

 several lines of pores between two rays. 



1. HELWINGIA, Willd. 



1. H. himalaica, Hook. f. and Th.; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii. 726; Gamble 

 44. Vein. Lnbbor 3 Lepcha. 



A large shrub. Wood white, moderately hard, pith large. Pores 

 .very small, arranged in groups or short concentric lines. Medullary 

 rays short, fine to moderately broad. 



Eastern Himalaya, above 7,000 feet, Khasia Hills. 



A curious shrub with simple leaves and flowers in umbels from the centre of the 

 leaves, like those of Ruscus. 



E 3342. Darjeeling, 7,000 feet. 



2. HEPTAPLEURUM, Gaertn. 



Contains about 10 trees or climbers, among which 6 species occur in South India, 

 2 in Burma and 4 in the Sikkim Himalaya. H. impressum, C. B. Clarke; Hook. Fl. 

 Ind. ii. 728. (//. tomentosum, Ham. ; Gamble 44). Vern. .Baloo chinia, Nep. ; 

 Santong, Lepcha, is a handsome tree of the North-East Himalaya, from Kumaun to 

 Bhutan, common in the forests from 6,000 to 10,000 feet, and recognised by its woolly 

 leaves. It has a white, soft wood. H. glaucum, C. B. Clarke ; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii. 

 728; Gamble 44. Vern. Chinia, Nep.; Hloprongzam, Lepcha, is a tree of North- 

 East Himalaya and the Khasia Hills, in which latter locality, as well as in Burma, is 

 also found H. liypoleucum, Kurz i. 539, a small branched tree, and H. Khasianum, 

 C. 1>. Clarke. H. racemosum, Beddome t. 214, is a large tree of the Western Ghats 

 and Ceylon. H. rostratum, Beddome cxxii., and H. Wallichianum, C. B. Clarke, 

 are trees of the Western Ghats. H. venulosum, Seem. ; Brandis 249 ; Kurz i. 538 ; 

 (Gamble 44 (Aralia digitata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 107) Vern. Dain, Hind.; Singhata, 

 Nep., is a climbing shrub or small tree of most parts of India. 



1. H. elatum, C. B. Clarke; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii. 728; Gamble 44. 

 Vern. Chinia, Nep. ; Prongzam, Lepcha. 



A tree. Bark in thick, greyish brown. Wood white, soft. Struct- 

 ure similar to that of Macropanax undulatum. 



Himalaya, from Kumaun to Bhutan, between 5,000 and 7,000 feet. 

 E 3326. Kangirurn, Darjeeling, 6,000 feet. 



3. BRASSAIOPSIS, Dene, and Planch. 



Contains several small palm -like trees of the Eastern Himalaya, Eastern Bengal 

 and Burma. B.palmata, Kurz i. 537, is found in the forests of Chittagong and the 

 Andnmans, and B. Hainla, Seem.; Hook. Fl. Ind. ii. 735; Gamble 44. Vern. 

 Ti? better, Nep. ; Suntong, Lepcha, is a common small tree in the forests of the outer 

 Sikkim Himalaa. 



