258 OLEACE.E. [Olea. 



1. 0. ferruginea, Royle; Brandis 576. 0. cuspidata^W&lL; Brandis 

 307. Vern. Khwan, shwan, Trans. -Indus ; Zaitun, Afg. ; Ko, kohu, kdo, 

 lean, Pb. ; Kau, Hind. ; Khan, Sind. 



A moderate-sized deciduous tree. Bark grey, thin, smooth when 

 young, when old exfoliating in large narrow strips. Sapwood whitish ; 

 heartwood large, regularly shaped, from light brown or olive brown to 

 nearly black, smooth, extremely hard. Annual rings distinctly marked by 

 a belt of closely-packed pores. Pores in the rest of the annual ring ex- 

 tremely small, in irregular patches of soft tissue. Medullary rays fine, 

 uniform, very numerous, equidistant. 



Sind, Suliman Range, Salt Bange, North-West Himalaya, extending as far as 

 the Jumna eastwards, and ascending to 6,000 feet. 



Weight, 65 to 82 Ibs. per cubic foot, averaging 73 Ibs. Brandis says that Sind 

 wood weighs 65 Ibs., but his specimen from the Sind hills reaches 82 Ibs. The wood 

 polishes well and is highly prized for turning, for combs, agricultural implements and 

 fuel. The fruit is eaten, but is rarely found on the trees owing to the fondness of 

 crows for it. Oil has been extracted from it, but only in small quantity though of good 

 quality. The wood is worth trying as a substitute for boxwood or for the wood of the 

 European olive and for inlaying work, as it is often prettily marbled. 



Ibs. 



H 162. Shahpur (Stewart, 1866) 65 



H 118. Vaziri-Rupi, 4,000 feet 73 



H 779. Chamba, 3,500 feet 71 



H 425. Koti Forest, Jaunsar, 6,000 feet 75 



P 2729. Hills of Sind 82 



2. 0. glandulifera, Wall. : Beddome t. 238; Brandis 309. 0. pani- 

 culata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 105, not paniculate, R. Brown (an Australian 

 species). VeTn..Q6ttlij > aba*,*4ra,pJutl9h ) Pb.; Gair,galdu,garur t Kumaun. 



A moderate-sized tree. Bark J inch thick, grey, uneven, exfoliating in 

 brittle scales. Wood reddish grey, hard. Annual rings marked by a 

 distinct line. Pores moderate-sized, oval, subdivided, uniformly distri- 

 buted. Medullary rays fine, numerous, prominent on a radial section. 



Outer Himalaya from the Indus to Nepal, between 2,500 and 6,000 feet. Nilgiris 

 and Anamalai Hills in South India. 



A section of a tree 43 years old, in the Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, shewed 43 rings 

 on a radius of 10 inches (Brandis) ; this would give 4' 3 rings per inch or fast growth : 

 our specimens give 12 to 33 rings per inch of radius. Weight, on an average, 54'5 Ibs. 

 per cubic foot. The wood is durable, takes a good polish and is not liable to be eaten 

 by insects. 



Ibs. 



H 928. Hazara, 3,000 feet 59 



H 2940. Suni, Simla, 3,000 feet 55 



H 222. Garhwal Hills (1868) 50 



7. LIGUSTRUM, Linn. 



Contains about 6 species of shrubs or small trees. X, rdbustum, Hook, f . and 

 Th. ; Beddome cliii. ; Brandis 310; Gamble 54 (Phillyrea robusta, Roxb. PI. Ind. i. 

 101. Olea rolusta, Kurz ii. 158) Vern. Keri, banpatara, Hind. ; Jamu, Nep., is a 

 small tree of the outer Himalaya from Kumaun eastwards, Bengal, Southern India and 

 Burma, with a hard durable wood. Z. nepalense, Wall. ; Roxb. PL Ind. i. 149 ; Brandis 

 310. Vern. Gumgacha, Nep. ; and L. bracteolatitm, Don ; Brandis 310, are small lives 

 of Kumaun and Nepal. L. micropfit/lluM, Beddome cliv., is a shrub of Coorg. The 

 European Trivet is L, vitfgarc, Linn. 



