266 ASCLEPIADE^. [Marsdenia. 



dry and 343 Ibs. when wet, while common hemp only withstood 158 and 190 Ibs. 

 Royle says that a rope (1| inch) broke with 903 Ibs., strong European rope 

 breaking with 1,203 Ibs. M. Roylei, Wight ; Brandis 333. Vern. Pathor, Chenab ; 

 Tar, veri, Salt Range ; Rurang, Simla (H 3194. Naldehra, Simla, 6,000 feet, with 

 a white porous wood and annual rings marked by large pores), and M. lucida, 

 Edgew. ; Brandis 333. Vern. 2)udhi, Kumaun, are small climbers of the North- West 

 Himalaya. Pergularia contains 2 species : P.pallida, W. and A. ; Brandis 334 ; Kurz 

 ii. 202. Vern. Surkila, Kuinaun, of Northern India ; and P. odoratissima, Linn. ; 

 Brandis 334 ; Kurz ii. 203 ; Gamble 56. Vern. Kanja luta, Icunjalt, Beng. ; Sim- 

 pletluk, Lepcha, of Bengal, Burma and the North- West Himalaya as far as the Jumna, 

 often cultivated. 



Leptadenia viminea ; Bth. and Hook. f. (Orthanthera viminea, Wight; 

 Brandis 335) Vern. Mowa, laneldr, Trans-Indus; Matti, Beas; Khip, Delhi; 

 Kip, Sind ; ChapJcia, Kumaun ; Mahur, Hind., is a glabrous shrub of the arid and 

 northern dry region from Sind to Oudh. The flower-buds are eaten as a vegetable, 

 and a rope is made of the fibre. Hemidesmus indicus, R. Br. (Asclepias Pseudo-sarsa y 

 Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 39,) Vern. Anantamul, Beng., is a climber whose roots are used as 

 a substitute for sarsaparilla. There are also numerous small climbers of other genera 

 found in the Indian forests, but none sufficiently large to be worth mention. 



ORDER LXXL LOGANIACEJE. 



Contains 4 Indian genera, Buddleia, Fagrcea, Strychnos and Gardneria. 

 Gaertnera, Beddome clxiv, contains only Ceylon plants. Gardneria ovata, Wall. ; 

 Kurz ii. 227 ; Gamble 57. Vern, Banjahi, Kumaun; Talcpadik, Lepcha, is a climber of 

 the North-East Himalaya and Eastern Bengal. Kurz has divided this Order among 

 several neighbouring ones, placing Strychnos in Apocynese ; Fagrcea in Gentianea3 ; 

 Buddleia in Pedalinese ; and Gardneria in Solanese ; we have, however, considered 

 it better to follow Bentham and Hooker, and retain the Order, although the diverse 

 structure of the wood of the different genera would seem to accord with Kurz's views. 



The structure of Strychnos and Fagrcea is similar in Laving scattered, 

 large, ramified pores (intercellular ducts ?) and small pores in concentric 

 bands or irregular patches ; and very sharply marked medullary rays in 

 the firmer tissue intervening between the irregular patches. The struct- 

 ure of Bnddleia is altogether different. 



1. BUDDLEIA, Linn. 



Contains 4 or 5 species. J5. macrostachya, Bth., is a shrub of the Himalaya from 

 Simla eastwards, the Khasia Hills and Sylhet. 



Wood soft or moderately hard, noheartwood. Annual rings distinctly 

 marked by a belt of numerous pores, the pores in the outer wood being 

 smaller and often arranged in groups or concentric lines. 



1. B. asiatica, Lour.; Beddome clxiii; Brandis 318 ; Kurz ii. 250; 

 Gamble 56. B. Neemda, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 396. Vein. Mail, dhaula, 

 shiuntra, Kumaun ; Bana, Simla; Newarpati, Nep. ; Ponddm, Lepcha; 

 Nimrfa, budhlola, Chittagong; Ki/oungmee koo, Burm. 



A large evergreen shrub. Bark thin, grey. Wood grey, moderately 

 hard. Annual rings distinctly marked by a belt of closely-packed pores 

 in the spring wood. Pores small, not all of equal size, scanty except 

 along the annual rings. Medullary rays fine, numerous. 



Sub-Hiin;il;i yan tract from the Indus eastwards, ascending to 4,000 ft., Bengal, 

 Uurm:i, South Indiii ; cliidl y found in second growth I'oivsts. deserted village sites ami 

 savannahs. 



