Calltcarpa.~\ VERBENACE^E. 



2. C. cana, Linn, ; Gamble 60. 



A shrub. Bark thin, grey- brown. Wood white, soft. Annual 

 rings marked by a line of closer pores. Pores moderate-sized, sometimes 

 subdivided. Medullary rays moderately broad, the distance between 

 them greater than the transverse diameter of the pores. 



Bengal. 



Common in forests and along roadsides in the Terai and Dtiars, extending probably 

 southwards to the Ganges. It has pretty pink flowers. 



E 3276. Dainah Reserve, W. Duars. 



2. TECTONA, Linn. fil. 



1. T. grandis, Linn, fil.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 600; Beddome t. 250; 

 Brandis 354; Kurzii. 259; Gamble 60. The Teak Tree. Vern. %', 

 Arab.; Saj, sal, Pers. ; Sagun, Hind.; Singvru, Uriya; 8dg t 8affwan t 

 Mar.; Teka, Gondi ; Sag, Bhil ; Tekku, tek, Tarn.; Teku, Tel.; Jddi, 

 sagwani, tega, Kan. ; Tekka, Ciugh.; Kyun, Burm.; Jati, Malay. 



A large deciduous tree. Bark J inch thick, grey, fibrous, with 

 shallow longitudinal wrinkles, peeling off in long thin flakes. The sap- 

 wood is white and small ; the heartwood when cut green has a pleasant and 

 strong aromatic fragrance and a beautiful dark golden yellow colour, 

 which on seasoning soon darkens into brown mottled with darker 

 streaks. The timber retains its fragrance to a great age, the characteris- 

 tic odour being apparent whenever a fresli cut is made. It is moderately 

 hard, exceedingly durable and strong, does not split, crack, warp, shrink, 

 or alter its shape when once seasoned, works easily and takes a good polish. 

 The annual rings are distinctly marked by larger and more numerous 

 pores in the spring wood. The pores are mostly single, but sometimes 

 subdivided, those of the inner layer of each annual ring are large, while 

 those of the outer portion are moderate-sized and small. The medullary 

 rays are short, moderately broad, equidistant ; the distance between 

 the rays about equal to the transverse diameter of the larger pores. 

 The pores are well marked on a longitudinal section, and the medullary 

 rays give the wood a beautifully mottled appearance. The pores are 

 sometimes filled with a white substance. The pith is large and quad- 

 rangular. 



The Teak tree is found in Central and South India and Burma. Its northern 

 limit may be defined by a line passing from the mouth of the Nerbudda up that river, 

 and across to and down the Mahanadi ; but in some places it extends farther north, 

 and it is found as far as Jhansi and Baiida. It is cultivated in Assam, Bengal, and 

 the Sub-Himalaya as far north as Saharanpur. It seems to require an annual 

 rainfall of 30 inches, but to thrive best with from 50 inches to 120 inches mean annual 

 rainfall. 



Annual rings. It is now established beyond doubt that the concentric rings which 

 are so marked in the wood of Teak correspond each to one year's growth. The 

 following statement exhibits the rings counted on sections of trees grown in the 

 Nilambur plantations- These sections were cut in 1877, and were taken from the 

 base of the stem ; and, with a few exceptions, the number of rings agrees with the 

 age of the tree. The average diameter is the mean of three diameters. The statement 

 shews the gradual increase of the heartwood as the tree grows older, and it also 

 exhibits the number of rings on one inch of average radius in the wood of trees of 

 different ages. But it must be borne in mind that these sections do not represent the 

 average of each year's plantation, bat were selected from among the dominant trees. 



