Hippop h a e. J K i ..i: A o N K^; . 317 



1. HIPPOPHAEjLinn. 



Contains 2 species, distinguished by the scales or hairs on the under surface of the 

 leaf. H. salicifolia, Don ; Brandis 387. Vern. Ashuk, Nep. ; Dur chuk, Kumaun ; 

 Surch, Bassahir, is a large shrub, the under surface of the leaves having a dense 

 tomentum of rust-coloured hairs. It is found in the Upper Sutlej Valley and from 

 thence eastwards to Bhutan. 



1. H. rhamnoides, Linn. ; Brandis 388. Vern. Tsarap, tsarma, sirma, 

 tsuky tarru, niechak, tserkar, tsermang, Ladak, Piti and Lahoul. 



A large thorny shrub, sometimes a small tree. Bark grey, rough, 

 with vertical furrows. Heartwood yellowish brown, mottled, moderately 

 hard, close-grained. Annual rings distinctly marked by the inner or 

 spring wood being porous and mainly composed of numerous moderate- 

 sized pores, the outer or autumn wood being more compact, with fewer 

 and smaller pores. Medullary rays numerous, very fine, equidistant. 

 The wood of the shrub from Lahoul has the same structure as the 

 European one. 



Inner tract of the North-West Himalaya, chiefly in moist, gravelly stream beds, 

 from 5,000 to 10,000 feet. 



Growth fast, 5 rings per inch of radius. Weight, 44 Ibs, per cubic foot, according 

 to Mathieu, Fl. For., p. 245, 38 Ibs. to 54 Ibs. It is used for fuel and charcoal, and the 

 dry branches for hedges. It is very valuable in the dry, almost treeless tracts of the 

 Inner Himalaya. The fruit is eaten, but is very acid ; it is made into a preserve. The 

 leaves are covered with silvery scales. 



Ibs. 



H 135. Lahoul, 10,000 feet 44 



H 3063. Kunawar, 8,000 



2. EL^EAGNUS, Linn. 



Contains about 4 species of Indian trees or shrubs. 



E. hortensis, M. Bieb. ; Brandis 389 (E. Moorcroftii, Wall., E. angustifoUa, 

 Linn.) Vern. Sanjit, Af g. ; Sirshing, Tibet ; Shiulik, N.-W. P., is a middling-sized 

 tree of Ladak and Baltistan, Afghanistan and westwards to the Mediterranean region. 

 Brandis says : " The tree is deciduous, but the withered leaves remain attached to the 

 tree instead of falling off at the end of autumn. Attains 25 feet with an erect, 

 straight trunk, 5 to 6 feet girth, and a rounded, close, handsome crown. Bark thick, 

 fibrous, smooth, light grey, between deep, longitudinal, rugged, dark brown furrows. 

 Sapwood narrow ; heartwood dark brown, porous and soft. Medullary rays numerous. 

 Wood used for fuel." It gives a transparent gum. The fruit is eaten, and in 

 Yarkand a spirit is distilled from it. It weighs, according to Mathieu Fl. 

 For., p. 245, 36 Ibs. to 41 Ibs. per cubic foot. It is often planted. E. arborea, Roxb. 

 Fl. Ind. i. 441 ; Brandis 390 ; Kurz ii. 331. Vern. Sheashong, Garo ; Mingu, Burin., 

 is an evergreen tree of Nepal, the Eastern Himalaya, Garo Hills and Burma. 



1. E. latifolia, Linn.; Beddome clxxx. ; Brandis 390 ; Gamble 67. 

 E.conferta, Roxb, Fl. Ind. i. 440; Kurz ii. 331. Vern. Ghiwdin, 

 mijhanla, Kumaun ; Jarila, Nep. ; Guam, Beng. ; Kamhnong, Magh. 



A straggling evergreen shrub or small tree. Wood white, soft. 

 Pores moderate-sized and small, in irregular, concentric belts, which, how- 

 ever, do not appear to be annual rings ; between the belts the pores are 

 smaller and scanty. Medullary rays fine and broad. 



Himalaya, from Kumaun to Bhutan, Khasia Hills, Eastern Bengal and South 

 India. 



Weight, 45 Ibs. per cubic foot. Fruit eaten ; it is acid and somewhat astringent, 

 Beddome says it makes good tarts. 



Ibe 

 E 2407. Tukdah, Darjeeling, 5,000 feet 45 



