Loranth us.] LOR ANTIIACE;E. 3 1 9 



ORDER XC. LOEANTHACE^J. 



Contains 4 Indian genera of evergreen parasitic shrubs, living on the stems, 

 branches or roots of other shrubs or trees. These genera are Viscum, Arceuthobium, 

 Loranthus and Qinalloa. 



Viscum contains about 6 species, which may be divided into 2 sections, those 

 with and those without leaves. To the first section belongs the Mistletoe, F. album, 

 Linn. ; Brandis 392 ; Kurz ii. 323 ; Gamble 66. Vern. Turapdni, Afg. ; Bhangra, 

 bdnda, bambal, kahbang, ahalu, wahal, rini, reori, reng,jerra, Pb. ; Ban, banda, 

 Hind. ; Hurchu, Nep., a parasitic shrub found in the Suliman Range, Himalaya and 

 hills of Martaban above 3,500 feet, chiefly on Rosacese, the Walnut, Elm, Willow, 

 Alder, Maple, Poplar, Olive and Mulberry. In Lahoul it is used medicinally, and in 

 Europe it is used for birdlime. V. monoicum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 763 ; Brandis 

 393 ; Kurz ii. 324, is a shrub, parasitic 011 Elaodendron and other trees in 

 the Sub-Himalayan tract, Bengal and Burma. V. ovalifolium, Wall. ; Kurz 

 ii. 325, is a shrub of Tenasserim ; and V. orientate, Willd. ; Brandis 393 ; 

 Kurz ii. 324 ( F. verticillatum, Roxb. PI. Ind. iii. 764), a shrub of Bengal and South 

 India. 



To the second section belong F. articulatum, Brown ; Brandis 393 ; Kurz ii. 325 

 (also F. moniliforme,W. and A. ; Kurz ii. 325) Vern. Pand, Hind., a parasitic shrub 

 of the Himalaya, Khasia Hills, South India and Burma, found chiefly on Oaks, 

 Rhododendron and Apricot. F. attenuatum, DC. ; Brandis 394 ; Gamble 66. Vera. 

 Pudu, pand, Pb. ; Patha, Banda ; Bdnda, C. P. ; Surchu, Nep., is a parasitic shrub 

 of the Outer Himalaya and Sub-Himalayan tract from the Indus to Assam, ascending 

 to 7,000 feet, Khasia Hills, South India and Ceylon. In Sikkim it is found on Maple 

 and Chestnut especially, in Simla on Oaks, and Cornus (N"o. H 3081 on C. capitata). 



Arceuthobium Oxycedri, M. Bieb. ; Brandis 394. Vera. Shuk, sdi, Lahoul, is a small 

 parasite found on Juniper us excelsa in Lahoul at elevations from 9,000 to 11,000 

 feet. It grows by spreading its roots between the bark and the wood of the Juniper, 

 often killing the branch on which it grows. It occurs also westward to the south of 

 France. Ginalloa contains two parasitic shrubs : G. Helferi, Kurz ii. 326, of 

 Tenasserim, and G. andamanica, Kurz ii. 326, found on " Artocarpus Chaplasha" in 

 the Andamans. 



1. LORANTHUS, Linn. 



Contains 20 to 30 or more species of parasitical shrubs, some of them with very 

 handsome flowers. L. ligustrinus, Wall.; Brandis 396, is found in the outer 

 Himalaya from the Jumna to Sikkim, ascending to 4,000 feet, chiefly on Albizzia, 

 Olea and Litscea. L. pulverulentus, Wall.; Brandis 396; Kurz ii. 318. Vern. 

 Parand, Kumaun ; Bdnda, C. P., is a woody parasite found in the Sub-Himalayan 

 tract from Kumaun eastwards, Central and Western India, often on Butea. L. cordi- 

 folius, Wall, and L. umbellifer, Schultes, are Himalayan parasitic shrubs, the first 

 often found on Platanus, the second on Rhododendron, Andromeda and Salix. 

 L.farinosus, Desr., L. viridiflorus, Wall., and L. globosus, Roxb.; Gamble 66, are 

 common on Sal in Northern Bengal. Kurz describes 17 species from Burma. Numer- 

 ous species also occur in South India ; and on the Nilgiris they are reported to have 

 done such damage to the plantations of Australian Acacia as to have necessitated 

 those plantations being given up. In his "Report on Neilgherry Loranthaceous 

 Parasitical Plants," Madras, 1874, Dr. G. Bidie describes 8 species as attacking peaches, 

 pears, Australian acacias and other trees about Ootacamund. The species described 

 are L. obtusatus, Wall., L. Neilgherrensis, W. and A., L. loniceroides, Linn., 

 L. amplexifolius, DC., L. tomentosus, Heyn., L. cuneatus, Heyn., L. Candol- 

 leanus, W. and A., and L. capitellatus, W. and A. Of the trees attacked, Acacia 

 Melanoxylon has most suffered, owing to its rough bark, while the smooth-barked 

 A. dealbata has been but little injured. Eucalyptus Globulus does. not appear to 

 have been attacked. 



Most species are called Pand in Hindi, Ajeru in Nepalese and EJiyee-poung in 

 Burmese. 



