URTICACE^:. 323 



species of Artocarpus. India-rubber is produced by several species of Ficus, especially 

 F. elastica ; while valuable timber is obtained from the Elins, Mulberries, Artocarpus, 

 and other genera. The Order is divided into 4 Sub-Orders, and these into 12 tribes 

 containing 25 genera 



SUB OEDEB 1. URTICACEJE 



Tribe I. Urereaj Laportea and Girardinia. 



II. Bohrnerieae ..... Bohmeria, Pouzolzia, Sarco- 



chlamys, Viflelninea, Debre- 

 geasia and Mauutia. 

 SUB-OEDEB 2. MORACEJE 



Tribe III. Strebleaa Phyllochlamys, Streblus and 



JPseudostreb hi s. 



IV. Broussonetiese .... Malaisia, liro-ussonetia and 



P lecosperm u m . 



V. Morese Morus. 



VI. Dorstenieae .... Dorstenia. 



SUB-OEDEB 3. ABTOCARPE^l 



Tribe VII. Conocephalese .... Conocephalus. 



VIII. Artocarpese .... Artocarpus and Cudrania. 



IX. Ocmediese ..... Antians. 



X. Ficese Ficus. 



SCB-ORDEB 4. ULMEJE 



Tribe XI. UlmeaB Ulmus. 



XII. Celtidese Celtis, Sponia and Glronniera. 



Laportea crenulata, Gaudich. ; Beddoine t. 306 ; Brand is 404 ; Kurz ii. 421 ; Gamble 

 77. (Urtica crenulata, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 591). Vern. Chorpatta, surat, Beng. ; 

 Moringi, Nep. ; Mealum-ma,sunkrong,Le])cha; Phetya-Jcyee,'Bm'm.; Mausa, Cingh., 

 is a small tree of Sikkim, Assam, Eastern Bengal, the Western Coast, Ceylon and Burma, 

 with glossy, broad leaves and minute, stinging hairs, the effects of which are extremely 

 painful and often very lasting. The fibre is good and can be made into ropes and 

 coarse cloth, but the preparation has a poisonous effect. Girardinia heterophylla, 

 Dene.; Brandis 404 (Urtica heterophylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 586; Gamble 77) Vern. 

 Keri,kingi, ein, sanoli, au,jdn, leal, kdrla, bhabar, Pb. ; Awa, alia, chichru, bichua, 

 Hind.; Ullo, Nep. ; Kazu, Lepcba ; Horn surat, Ass. ; Serpa, herpa, Bbutia, is an 

 extremely common, large, annual forest weed, with long stinging bristles. It affords 

 a fine silky fibre, which is used in Sikkim for ropes, twine, and coarse cloth like gunny. 

 It is common throughout most of the hilly districts of India and Burma, but especially 

 in the Himalaya. 



Sarcochlamys pulckerrima, Gaudich.; Brandis 405; Kurz ii. 426 (Urtica 

 pulcherrima, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 588). Vern. Tsatya, sapsha, Burm., is a large hand- 

 some shrub with tri-nerved leaves, grey beneath, common in Eastern Bengal and 

 Burma, especially in deserted cultivation. The liber gives a good fibre for ropes. 

 Maoutia Puya, Wedd. ; Brandis 406 ; Kurz ii. 429 ; Gamble 77. Vern, Poi, pua, Hind. ; 

 Puya, Nep. ; KyinTci, Lepcha; Yenki, Limbu (Urtica frutescens, Thunb. ; Roxb. FL 

 Ind. iii. 588), is a shrub with leaves very white beneath, found in the Himalaya from 

 Garhwal eastwards, the Khasia Hills and Burma, chiefly in old cultivations and up to 

 4,000 feet. The fibre is very good and strong, and is used to make fishing nets, net 

 bags, twine and cloth. 



Phyllochlamys spinosa, Bureau ; Brandis 411 (Trophis spinosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 

 762. Taxotrophis Roxburghii, Beddome ccxxi.) Vern. Snkali, Tel. ; Sheora, Beng. ; 

 Sahadra, Uriya; Kurrera, Mar., is a small tree of the hills of the Coromandel Coast, 

 Madras and Ceylon. Pseudostreblus indica, Bureau, is a small tree of the Khaski 

 Hills. 



Malaisia tortuosa, Blanco; Kurz ii. 466, is a large deciduous scandent shrub 

 of Burma, Broussonetia papyrifera, Vent. ; Brandis 410; Kurz ii. 467, is the " Paper 

 Mulberry," a small tree wild in the Martaban Hills. The inner bark gives the Tapa 

 cloth of the South Sea Islands. In Japan it is made into paper ; and in Siam and 

 Burma into the thick blackened cardboards culled " palabeiks," which are used like 

 slates in Europe for writing on. 



