Fictis.] URTICACE^:. 335 



Brandis 415; Kurz ii. 448; Gamble 75. The Peepul. Vern. Pipal, 

 Hind.; A.'wat, asud, Beng.; Pipli, Nepr; Bor-bur, Cachar ; Arasa, 

 Tarn. ; lidi, raiga y ragi, ravi, Tel. ; All, Gondi ; Pipri, Kurku ; Rangi, 

 basri, Kan. ; Bo, Cingh. ; Nyoungbandi, Burm. 



A large tree. Bark grey, nearly inch thick, exfoliating in rounded 

 irregular flakes of varying size, often leaving rounded depressions. Wood 

 greyish white, moderately hard. Pores moderate-sized to large, often 

 subdivided, joined by narrow bands of soft tissue, which alternate with 

 broader bands of firmer substance. Medullary rays uniform and equidis- 

 tant, moderately broad, visible on a radial section, but not giving the 

 wood a markedly mottled appearance. 



Wild in the Sub-Himalayan tract. Bengal and Central India. 



Growth very fast. It is often planted as an avenue tree, for which it is very suit- 

 able ; it grows well and quickly, either from cuttings or seedlings. The weight and 

 transverse strength have been determined by the following experiments : 



Weight. P. 

 Cunningham at Gwalior in 1854 in two experiments 



with bars 2' X l''xl" found 44 458 



Skinner in Madras in 1862 (No. 72) ... 34 584 



Warth with our six specimens in 1878 ... 34'7 



The tree being sacred is rarely felled ; the wood is used for fuel, for packing cases 

 and in Cachar for charcoal. The leaves and branches are good elephant fodder ; the 

 young leaf buds are eaten in Central India in famine time ; the leaves, bark and fruit 

 are used in native medicine, and the bark gives a tenacious milky juice which 

 hardens into a substance resembling gutta-percha. It is usually epiphytic and is most 

 destructive to buildings, walls, and other trees. The Gori or Deomuga silkworm feeds 

 on its leaves in Assam. 





4. F. cprdifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 548 ; Brandis 416 ; Gamble 75. 

 F. Rumphii, Kurz ii. 448. V%rn.Rumbal 9 paMk 9 badka ) pilkkan > J!\).} 



Kabar, gajiun, gajna, pipal, gagjaira, pakar, /chabar, Hind. ; Kabai pipal, 

 Kumaun; Gai asw&t, Beng.; P*&w,Nep.j Pakri, Ass.; Sat-bur, Cachar; 

 Prab, Garo; Paras pipal, Ajmere ; Pair, Mar. ; NyoHngpyoo, Burm. 



A large deciduous tree. Bark smooth, \ inch thick. Wood very 

 soft, spongy. Pores oval, arranged in wavy, concentric bands, alternat- 

 ing with bands of firmer texture and of the same width. Medullary 

 rays fine, uniform, equidistant, very marked on a radial section, giving 

 the wood a beautifully mottled appearance. 



Outer Himalaya, from the Chenab eastwards ascending to 5,000 feet, Bengal, 

 Central India and Burma. 



Weight, 27 Ibs. per cubic foot. Wood used in Cachar for charcoal for tea manufac- 

 ture. It is generally epiphytic and is then very destructive to timber trees. In 

 Assam the lac insect is reared on it (Mann). The fruit is eaten and the leaves and 

 branches used for cattle fodder. 



Ibs. 



H 605. Chitul Forest, Kangra 27 



P 3224. Nagpahar, Ajmere 



"B 586, 20 Ibs., sent from the Darjeeling Terai under the name of " Niwaro " and, 

 E 716 (27 Ibs.) sent from Chittagong under those of Hijalya, Beng, ; Choupaha, Magh, 

 resemble this species in structure. 



