FirU8. i;KTI(JA( i 



Growth fast, a round in the Bengal Forest Museum shews 3 rings per inch of 

 radius. Weight, Kyd's Assam experiments give 25 Ibs. ; our specimen weighs 35 Ibs. 

 Kyd gives P = 360. The leaves are lopped for cattle fodder. This species is easily 

 recognised by its opposite leaves. 



Ibs. 



C 1180. Ahiri Reserve, Central Provinces 



C 2803. Melghat, Berar 



E 24fc>0. Bamunpokri, Darjeeling Terai 35 



11. TJLMUS, Linn. 



About six Indian species. U. parvifolia, Jacq. ; Brandis 434. (U.virgata,'Ba*\>. Fl. 

 Ind. ii. 67), is a small tree of the Himalaya from Kumaun to Bhutan between 4,000 and 

 5,000 feet. U. HooJceriana, Planch., is found in Sikkim at 4,500 feet. The European 

 Elms are U. campestris, Sin. ; the Common Elm ; U. montana, Sm. ; the Wych 

 Elm (No. 2075 from Germany) ; and U. effusa, Willd., which are all described in 

 Braudis, pp. 431 to 433. 



Heart wood grey. Annual rings consisting of an inner porous belt 

 with numerous large pores, and an outer belt of firm texture with small 

 pores arranged in wavy concentric or oblique lines. Medullary rays mo- 

 derately broad. Pores marked on a longitudinal section. The wood of 

 U. lancifolia and U. integri folia differs from that of the European and 

 North- West Indian elms. 



1. U. Wallichiana, Planch. ; Brandis 432. Vern. Kdin, bren, brera, 

 Irdnkul, amrdi, mardri, marrun, marazh, makshdri, manderung, maldung, 

 shho, Jcummar, hembra, Pb. ; Mored, pabuna, chambar mdt/a, Hind. 



A large deciduous tree. Bark grey, rough, with diagonal cracks, 

 exfoliating in diamond-shaped scales. Heartwood greyish brown, mo- 

 derately hard. Annual rings marked by a soft porous belt in the spring 

 wood, the outer part of the annual ring consisting of firm and very hard 

 tissue. Pores in spring wood moderate-sized and large, closely packed, 

 in the autumn wood small and very small, arranged in oblique, undulating, 

 concentric lines. Medullary rays fine and moderately broad, marked on 

 a radial section as long narrow bands. 



North- West Himalaya, from the Indus to Nepal, between 3,500 and 10,000 feet. 



Growth slow; countings on our three specimens gave : H 59, 15 rings ; H 122, lOf 

 rings ; and H 917, 25^ rings per inch of radius ; the average of the three is therefore 

 about 17 rings per inch of radius. The tree often reaches a large size, 80 to 90 feet 

 in height, with a girth of 16 to 24 feet. The average weight of our three specimens is 

 36 Ibs. per cubic foot. The wood is used locally in places where deodar is not available 

 and Pinus excelsa not very abundant, such as in Hazara, where it finds a ready sale 

 at from Us. 3 to Rs. 5 per tree. It certainly seems worthy of more attention. The 

 bark contains a strong fibre which is made into cordage, sandals and slow matches. 

 The leaves are lopped for cattle fodder. 



H 59. Nagkanda, Simla, 8,000 feet 40 



H 122. Manali, Kulu, 7,000 feet 35 



H 917. Hazara, 7,000 feet 32 



H 3175. Dungagalli, Hazara, 7,000 feet 



2. U. sp. ; Brandis 433 (note under U. campestris) Vern. Yiimbok, 

 Ladak ; Bran, brahmi, kdi, monin, mardl, mauru, manmij mandu y mamji t 

 marn, meru } merinu, bhamji, bhamni, chipdl, Pb. 



(On specimens of this tree sent to Kew lately, Prof. Oliver reported: "This 

 Elm is the U. pedunculaia, Fouq., of the Herbarium Hooker fil. and Thomson. I 

 think it is not the U. pediinculata, Fpuq"., of Central Europe and Asia, bat probably a 

 distinct species near to U. campestrit. ') 



